Kunezinkinga ezikhona ekushiseleni kwensimbi okungafani ezithikameza ukukhula kwayo, njengokwakheka nokusebenza kwendawo yokuhlanganisa insimbi engafani.Iningi lomonakalo esakhiweni sokushisela insimbi esingafani senzeka endaweni yokuhlanganisa.Ngenxa yezici ezihlukene zokucwebezela kwamashisela esigabeni ngasinye eduze nendawo yokuhlanganisa, Kulula futhi ukwenza isendlalelo soguquko esisebenza kabi kanye nezinguquko ekubunjweni kwazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu, isendlalelo sokusabalalisa kule ndawo sizokhula, okuzokwandisa ukungalingani kwensimbi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izinsimbi ezihlukene zishiselwa noma ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa noma ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngemva kokushiselwa, kuvame ukutholakala ukuthi ikhabhoni esohlangothini lwe-alloy ephansi “iyafuduka” ngomngcele wokushisela iye endaweni yokushisela enengxubevange ephezulu, yenza izingqimba ze-decarburization izinhlangothi zombili zomugqa wokuhlanganisa.Futhi isendlalelo se-carburization, isisekelo sensimbi sakha isendlalelo se-decarburization ohlangothini oluphansi lwe-alloy, futhi ungqimba lwe-carburization lwakha ohlangothini oluphezulu lwe-alloy weld.
Izithiyo nezithiyo ekusetshenzisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo zensimbi ezingafani zibonakala ngokuyinhloko kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, izici zemishini (ezifana nokushuba, umthelela, ukugoba, njll.) zendawo ehlangene eshiselwe yezinsimbi ezingafani ngokuvamile zingcono kunezinsimbi eziyisisekelo okufanele zishiselwe.Kodwa-ke, emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukusebenza kwendawo ehlangene kungaphansi kwesisekelo sensimbi.impahla.
2. Kukhona indawo yenguquko ye-martensite phakathi kwe-austenite weld kanye ne-pearlite base metal.Le zoni inokuqina okuphansi futhi iyisendlalelo esinobulukhuni obuphezulu.Futhi indawo ebuthakathaka ebangela ukwehluleka kwengxenye kanye nokulimala.Kuzonciphisa isakhiwo esishiselwe.ukwethembeka kokusetshenziswa.
3. Ukufuduka kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kwe-weld noma ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuzodala ukwakheka kwezingqimba ze-carburized kanye nezendlalelo ze-decarburized ezinhlangothini zombili zomugqa wokuhlanganisa.Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi ukuncishiswa kwekhabhoni ongqimbeni lwe-decarburized kuzoholela ezinguqukweni ezinkulu (ngokuvamile ukuwohloka) ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwendawo, okwenza le ndawo ijwayele ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi phakathi nenkonzo.Izingxenye ezihlulekayo zamapayipi amaningi okushisa okuphezulu akusevisi noma angaphansi kokuhlolwa zigxiliswe kusendlalelo se-decarburization.
4. Ukwehluleka kuhlobene nezimo ezifana nesikhathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokushintshana kokucindezeleka.
5. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld akukwazi ukuqeda ukusabalalisa kokucindezeleka okusele endaweni ehlangene.
6. I-Inhomogeneity yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali.
Lapho izinsimbi ezihlukene zishiselwa, njengoba izinsimbi ezinhlangothini zombili ze-weld kanye nokwakheka kwe-alloy ye-weld kuhluke ngokusobala, ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, isisekelo sensimbi kanye nezinto zokushisela zizoncibilika futhi zixubane.Ukufana kokuxuba kuzoshintsha ngokushintsha kwenqubo yokushisela.Izinguquko, kanye nokufana kokuxubana kuhluke kakhulu ezikhundleni ezihlukene zejoyinti elishiselwe, okuholela ekutheni i-inhomogeneity ye-chemical composition of the joint welded.
7. I-Inhomogeneity yesakhiwo se-metallographic.
Ngenxa yokungaqhubeki kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhlangene okushiselwe, ngemva kokubhekana nomjikelezo wokushisa wokushisela, izakhiwo ezihlukene zivela endaweni ngayinye yejoyinti elishiselwe, futhi izakhiwo zenhlangano eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zivame ukuvela kwezinye izindawo.
8. Ukuyeka ukusebenza.
Umehluko ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo se-metallographic samalunga ashiselwe kuletha izici ezihlukene zemishini yamajoyinti ashiselwe.Amandla, ubulukhuni, ipulasitiki, ukuqina, izakhiwo zomthelela, ukushisa okuphezulu, kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile zezindawo ezahlukahlukene eduze kwejoyinti elishiselwe zihluke kakhulu.Lokhu ku-inhomogeneity okuphawulekayo kwenza izindawo ezihlukene zejoyinti elihlanganisiwe ziziphathe ngendlela ehluke kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, nezindawo ezibuthakathaka kanye nezindawo eziqinisiwe zivela.Ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme zokushisa, amajoyinti ahlanganisiwe ensimbi ahlukene asenkonzweni phakathi nenqubo yesevisi.Ukwehluleka kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukwenzeka.
Izimpawu zezindlela zokushisela ezihlukene lapho welding izinsimbi ezingafani
Izindlela eziningi zokushisela zingasetshenziselwa ukushisela izinsimbi ezingafani, kodwa lapho kukhethwa izindlela zokushisela kanye nokwenza izinyathelo zenqubo, izici zezinsimbi ezingafani kufanele zicatshangelwe.Ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zesisekelo sensimbi namajoyinti ashiselwe, i-fusion welding, i-pressure welding nezinye izindlela zokushisela zonke zisetshenziswa ekushiseleni kwensimbi okungafani, kodwa ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.
1. Ukushisela
Indlela yokushisela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni okuhlukile kwensimbi i-electrode arc welding, i-arc welding engaphansi, i-gas shielded arc welding, i-electroslag welding, i-plasma arc welding, i-electron beam welding, i-laser welding, njll. Ukuze unciphise ukuxubha, yehlisa ukuhlanganisa isilinganiso noma lawula inani lokuncibilika lezinto eziyisisekelo zensimbi ezihlukene, ukushisela i-electron beam, i-laser welding, i-plasma arc welding nezinye izindlela ezinomthombo wokushisa ophezulu wokuminyana kwamandla ngokuvamile zingasetshenziswa.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukujula kokungena, izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-arc engaqondile, intambo yokushisela i-swing, i-electrode ye-strip, kanye nentambo yokushisela eyengeziwe engasebenzisi amandla ingathathwa.Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini, inqobo nje uma kuyi-fusion welding, ingxenye yesisekelo sensimbi iyohlala incibilika ibe yi-weld futhi ibangele ukuhlanjululwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzokwakhiwa ama-intermetallic compounds, eutectics, njll.Ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela enjalo emibi, isikhathi sokuhlala kwezinsimbi endaweni ewuketshezi noma yezinga eliphezulu lokushisa okuqinile kufanele silawulwe futhi sifinyezwe.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokushisela kanye nezinyathelo zenqubo, kusenzima ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga lapho ushisela izinsimbi ezingafani, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinsimbi, izidingo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, namafomu ahlukene ahlangene.Ezimweni eziningi, kudingekile ukuba Ingcindezi Welding noma ezinye izindlela Welding zisetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga Welding of ethize amalunga metal dissimilar.
2. Ingcindezi yokushisela
Izindlela eziningi zokushisela ingcindezi zishisisa kuphela insimbi ukuze ishiselwe esimweni sepulasitiki noma ungayishisi, kodwa sebenzisa ingcindezi ethile njengesici esiyisisekelo.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-fusion welding, i-pressure welding inezinzuzo ezithile lapho ushisela amalunga ensimbi ahlukene.Uma nje ifomu elihlangene livumela futhi ikhwalithi ye-welding ingahlangabezana nezidingo, i-pressure welding ngokuvamile iyisinqumo esinengqondo.
Ngesikhathi sokushisela ingcindezi, indawo esibonakalayo yezinsimbi ezingafani ingase incibilike noma ingancibiliki.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomphumela wengcindezi, ngisho noma kunensimbi encibilikisiwe ebusweni, izokhishwa futhi ikhishwe (njenge-flash welding kanye ne-friction welding).Ezimweni ezimbalwa Kuphela Uma insimbi encibilikisiwe isala ngemuva kokushisela ingcindezi (njengokushisela indawo).
Njengoba i-pressure welding ingashisi noma izinga lokushisa lokushisa liphansi, linganciphisa noma ligweme imiphumela emibi yemijikelezo yokushisa ezindaweni zensimbi zensimbi eyisisekelo futhi kuvimbele ukukhiqizwa kwama-brittle intermetallic compounds.Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pressure welding zingacindezela ngisho nezinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic ezidalwe ngaphandle kwelunga.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayikho inkinga yezinguquko ezimpahleni zensimbi ye-weld ebangelwa ukuhlanjululwa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwengcindezi.
Kodwa-ke, izindlela eziningi zokushisela ingcindezi zinezidingo ezithile zefomu elihlangene.Isibonelo, ukushisela indawo, ukushisela i-seam, kanye ne-ultrasonic welding kufanele kusetshenziswe ama-lap joints;ngesikhathi sokushisela i-friction, okungenani i-workpiece eyodwa kufanele ibe nesiphambano somzimba ojikelezayo;i-explosion welding isebenza kuphela ekuxhumekeni kwendawo Emikhudlwana, njll. Imishini yokushisela ingcindezi ayikadumi.Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kukhawulela ububanzi besicelo se-pressure welding.
3. Ezinye izindlela
Ngaphezu kwe-fusion welding kanye ne-pressure welding, kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezingasetshenziswa ukushisela izinsimbi ezingafani.Isibonelo, ukubhula kuyindlela yokushisela izinsimbi ezingafani phakathi kwensimbi yokugcwalisa kanye nesisekelo sensimbi, kodwa okuxoxwa ngakho lapha kuyindlela ekhethekile yokubhula.
Kukhona indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-fusion welding-brazing, okungukuthi, uhlangothi lwensimbi lwesisekelo esiphansi-elincibilikayo lwelunga lensimbi elihlukile luyi-fusion-welded, futhi uhlangothi lwensimbi oluyisisekelo oluphezulu-elincibilika luboshwe.Futhi ngokuvamile insimbi efanayo nesisekelo esincibilikayo esiphansi sisetshenziswa njenge-solder.Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokushisela phakathi kwensimbi yokugcwalisa i-brazing kanye nesisekelo sensimbi ephansi yokuncibilika iyinsimbi efanayo, futhi abukho ubunzima obukhethekile.
Inqubo yokubhula iphakathi kwensimbi yokugcwalisa kanye nesisekelo sensimbi ephezulu yokuncibilika.Insimbi eyisisekelo ayincibiliki noma icwebezele, engagwema izinkinga eziningi zokushisela, kodwa insimbi yokugcwalisa iyadingeka ukuze ikwazi ukumanzisa kahle isisekelo sensimbi.
Enye indlela ibizwa nge-eutectic brazing noma i-eutectic diffusion brazing.Lokhu okokushisa indawo ethintana nayo yezinsimbi ezingafani nezinga lokushisa elithile, ukuze izinsimbi ezimbili zakhe i-eutectic yephoyinti elincibilika eliphansi endaweni okuthintana kuyo.I-low-melting-point eutectic iwuketshezi kulokhu kushisa, ngokuyisisekelo iba uhlobo lwe-solder ngaphandle kwesidingo solder yangaphandle.Indlela ye-brazing.
Yiqiniso, lokhu kudinga ukwakhiwa kwe-eutectic ye-low-melting-point phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili.Ngesikhathi sokushisela kwezinsimbi ezingafani, kuyengezwa ungqimba oluphakathi nendawo, bese ungqimba oluphakathi nendawo lushiselwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi kakhulu ukuze luncibilike, noma lwakhiwe indawo encibilikayo ephansi lapho ihlangana nensimbi ezoshiselwa.Ungqimba oluncane loketshezi olwakhiwe ngalesi sikhathi, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile senqubo yokulondoloza ukushisa, lwenza ungqimba oluphakathi nendawo luncibilike.Lapho zonke izinto zongqimba ezimaphakathi zisakazwa kusisekelo futhi zenziwe i-homogenized, inhlanganisela yensimbi engafani ngaphandle kwezinto ezimaphakathi ingakhiwa.
Lolu hlobo lwendlela luzokhiqiza inani elincane lensimbi ewuketshezi ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela.Ngakho-ke, kubizwa nangokuthi i-welding ye-liquid transition welding.Isici sabo esivamile ukuthi asikho isakhiwo sokuphonsa ekuhlanganyeleni.
Izinto okufanele uziqaphele lapho ushisela izinsimbi ezingafani
1. Cabangela izici zomzimba, zemishini kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali we-weldment
(1) Ngokombono wamandla alinganayo, khetha izinduku zokushisela ezihlangabezana nezakhiwo zemishini yesisekelo sensimbi, noma uhlanganise ukushisela kwensimbi eyisisekelo nezinduku zokushisela ezinamandla angalingani kanye nokushisela okuhle, kodwa cabangela uhlobo lwesakhiwo sensimbi. weld ukuhlangabezana amandla alinganayo.Amandla nezinye izidingo zokuqina.
(2) Yenza ukwakheka kwengxubevange yayo kuhambisane noma kusondele kusisekelo.
(3) Uma isisekelo sensimbi iqukethe amazinga aphezulu okungcola okuyingozi okungu-C, S, no-P, izinduku zokushisela ezinokumelana nokuqhekeka okungcono kanye nokumelana ne-porosity kufanele kukhethwe.Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-calcium titanium oxide electrode.Uma namanje ingaxazululeki, induku yokushisela yohlobo lwe-hydrogen sodium ephansi ingasetshenziswa.
2. Cabangela izimo zokusebenza nokusebenza kwe-weldment
(1) Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthwala umthwalo oguquguqukayo nomthwalo womthelela, ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa amandla, kunezidingo eziphakeme zokuqina komthelela nobude.Uhlobo lwe-hydrogen oluphansi, uhlobo lwe-calcium titanium kanye nama-electrode ohlobo lwe-iron oxide kufanele kukhethwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
(2) Uma kuthintana nemithombo yezindaba ebolayo, izinduku zokushisela zensimbi engagqwali ezifanele kufanele zikhethwe ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni, ukugxilisa ingqondo, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lemidiya, kanye noma ngabe ingubo evamile noma ukugqwala kwe-intergranular.
(3) Uma usebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokuguga, kufanele kuhlukaniswe ukuthi kugqokwa okujwayelekile noma okunomthelela, nokuthi kugqokwa ezingeni lokushisa elijwayelekile noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
(4) Lapho usebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezona zokushisa, izinduku zokushisela ezihambisanayo eziqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokushisa eziphansi noma eziphezulu zokushisa kufanele zikhethwe.
3. Cabanga ngobunzima bomumo ohlangene we-weldment, ukuqina, ukulungiswa kwe-welding fracture kanye nesimo se-welding.
(1) Kumashisela anezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ubukhulu obukhulu, ingcindezi yokuncipha kwensimbi yokushisela ngesikhathi sokupholisa inkulu futhi imifantu ijwayele ukwenzeka.Izinduku zokushisela ezinokumelana nokuqhekeka okuqinile kufanele zikhethwe, njengezinduku zokushisela ezine-hydrogen, izinduku zokushisela ezinokuqina okuphezulu noma izinduku zokushisela i-iron oxide.
(2) Ukuze uthole ama-weldments angakwazi ukuguqulwa ngenxa yemibandela, izinduku zokushisela ezingafakwa kuzo zonke izikhundla kufanele zikhethwe.
(3) Ezingxenyeni zokushisela okunzima ukuzihlanza, sebenzisa izinduku zokushisela ezine-asidi ezine-oxidizing futhi ezingazweli esikalini kanye namafutha ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha njengezimbotshana.
4. Cabangela imishini yendawo yokushisela
Ezindaweni lapho kungekho mshini wokushisela we-DC, akufanelekile ukusebenzisa izinduku zokushisela ezinomkhawulo kagesi we-DC.Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele kusetshenziswe izinduku zokushisela ezinogesi we-AC ne-DC.Ezinye izinsimbi (njengensimbi ye-pearlitic ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa) zidinga ukuqeda ukucindezeleka okushisayo ngemva kokushisela, kodwa azikwazi ukuphathwa ngokushisa ngenxa yezimo zemishini (noma ukulinganiselwa kwesakhiwo).Izinduku zokushisela ezenziwe ngezinto zensimbi ezingenasisekelo (njengensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic) kufanele zisetshenziswe esikhundleni, futhi ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kwe-weld akudingekile.
5. Cabangela ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokushisela nokuvikela impilo yabasebenzi
Lapho womabili ama-electrode ane-acidic kanye ne-alkaline engahlangabezana nezidingo, ama-electrode ane-asidi kufanele asetshenziswe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
6. Cabangela ukukhiqiza kwezabasebenzi kanye nokuhluzeka kwezomnotho
Esimeni sokusebenza okufanayo, kufanele sizame ukusebenzisa izinduku zokushisela ezine-asidi ezinenani eliphansi esikhundleni sezinduku zokushisela ezine-alkali.Phakathi kwezinduku zokushisela ezine-asidi, uhlobo lwe-titanium nohlobo lwe-titanium-calcium yizona ezibiza kakhulu.Ngokwesimo sokumbiwa phansi kwezwe lami, i-titanium iron kufanele ikhuthazwe ngamandla.Induku ye-welding eboshwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-27-2023