Izici eziyingozi zezinto zokushisela
(1) Into eyinhloko yocwaningo yenhlanzeko yokushisela umsebenzi ukushisela i-fusion welding, futhi phakathi kwazo, izinkinga zenhlanzeko yabasebenzi be-open arc welding yizona ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi izinkinga zokushiselwa kwe-arc emanzini kanye nokushisela i-electroslag zincane kakhulu.
(2) Izinto eziyinhloko eziyingozi ze-electrode manual arc welding, carbon arc gouging kanye ne-CO2 gas shielded welding umusi nothuli olukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela - intuthu yokushisela.Ikakhulukazi i-electrode manual arc welding.Futhi i-carbon arc gouging, uma umsebenzi wokushisela wenziwa endaweni encane yokusebenza (i-boiler, i-cabin, isitsha esingenawo umoya kanye nepayipi, njll.) isikhathi eside, futhi esimweni sokungavikeleki kwezindlu zangasese, kuzodala ukulimala uhlelo lokuphefumula, njll. abaphethwe i-welding pneumoconiosis.
(3) Igesi enobuthi iyisici esikhulu esiyingozi sokushisela igesi kagesi kanye ne-plasma arc welding, futhi lapho ukugxila kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, kuzodala izimpawu zobuthi.Ikakhulukazi, ama-ozone kanye ne-nitrogen oxides akhiqizwa yi-arc ukushisa okuphezulu kwemisebe esebenza ku-oxygen ne-nitrogen emoyeni.
(4) Imisebe ye-arc iyisici esivamile esiyingozi kuwo wonke ama-arc welding avulekile, futhi isifo samehlo e-electro-optic esibangelwa yisifo esikhethekile somsebenzi we-open arc welding.Imisebe ye-arc nayo ingalimaza isikhumba, ibangele ukuthi ama-welders aphathwe yizifo zesikhumba ezifana ne-dermatitis, i-erythema namabhamuza amancane.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imicu kakotini yonakele.
(5) I-tungsten argon arc welding kanye ne-plasma arc welding, ngoba umshini wokushisela ufakwe i-oscillator ephakeme kakhulu ukusiza ukuqala i-arc, kunezici eziyingozi - insimu ye-electromagnetic high-frequency, ikakhulukazi umshini wokushisela onesikhathi eside sokusebenza. ye-oscillator ye-high-frequency oscillator (njengemishini yokushisela ye-argon arc eyenziwe efektri).Amasimu kagesi we-high-frequency electromagnetic angabangela ukuthi abashiseli bahlushwe yizifo zesimiso sezinzwa kanye nesistimu yegazi.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-electrode e-thoriated tungsten rod, i-thorium iyisithako esikhipha imisebe, ngakho-ke kunezici eziyingozi zemisebe (α, β kanye ne-γ), futhi ingase ibangele izingozi ezikhipha imisebe ezungeze umshini wokugaya lapho kugcinwa khona futhi kucijiswe induku ye-tungsten. .
(6) Ngesikhathi sokushisela i-arc ye-plasma, ukufutha nokusika, kuzokwenziwa umsindo onamandla, ozolimaza inzwa yokuzwa yomshiseli uma isivikelo singalungile.
(7) Izinto eziyinhloko eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokushiselwa kwegesi kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi uthuli lwe-oxide olwakhiwe ukuhwamuka kwensimbi encibilikisiwe emoyeni, kanye negesi enobuthi ephuma ekugelezeni.
Izixwayiso zokusebenzisa izinto zokushisela
1. Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-electrode ensimbi engagqwali: uhlobo lwe-titanium-calcium kanye nohlobo oluphansi lwe-hydrogen.I-welding current isebenzisa amandla kagesi e-DC ngangokunokwenzeka, okuzuzisa ukunqoba ububomvu nokungena okungajulile kwenduku yokushisela.Ama-Electrode ane-titanium-calcium coating awafaneleki ukushisela yonke indawo, kodwa kuphela ukushisela okuyisicaba kanye ne-flat fillet welding;ama-electrode ane-low-hydrogen coating angasetshenziselwa ukushisela yonke indawo.
2. Ama-electrode ensimbi engagqwali kufanele agcinwe omile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.Ukuze uvimbele ukukhubazeka okufana nokuqhekeka, imigodi, nezimbotshana, uhlobo lwe-titanium-calcium yomiswa ku-150-250 ° C ihora eli-1 ngaphambi kokushiswa, futhi uhlobo oluphansi lwe-hydrogen lomiswa ku-200-300 ° C Ihora elingu-1 ngaphambi kokushisela.Ungasomisi ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho isikhumba sizowa kalula.
3. Hlanza i-welding joint, futhi uvimbele induku ye-welding ukuthi ingangcoliswa ngamafutha nokunye ukungcola, ukuze ingakhulisi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ye-weld futhi ithinte ikhwalithi ye-welding.
4. Ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala kwe-intergranular okubangelwa ukushisa, i-welding current akufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile i-20% ephansi kunaleyo ye-carbon steel electrode, i-arc akufanele ibe yinde kakhulu, futhi ama-interlayers apholile ngokushesha.
5. Qaphela lapho uqala i-arc, ungaqali i-arc engxenyeni engeyona i-welding, kungcono ukusebenzisa ipuleti yokuqala ye-arc yezinto ezifanayo njenge-weldment ukuze uqale i-arc.
6. I-short-arc welding kufanele isetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka.Ubude be-arc ngokuvamile bungu-2-3mm.Uma i-arc yinde kakhulu, imifantu eshisayo izokwenzeka kalula.
7. Umugqa wezokuthutha: i-short-arc fast welding kufanele yamukelwe, futhi ukushwibeka kwe-lateral ngokuvamile akuvunyelwe.Inhloso ukunciphisa ukushisa nobubanzi bendawo ethinteke ukushisa, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-weld ekugqwaleni kwe-intergranular nokunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo.
8. Ukushiswa kwezinsimbi ezihlukene kufanele kukhethe ngokucophelela izinduku zokushisela ukuvimbela imifantu eshisayo ekukhethweni okungafanele kwezinduku zokushisela noma imvula yesigaba esingu-σ ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa okuphakeme, okuzokwenza insimbi ifakwe embrittled.Bheka izindinganiso zokukhetha induku yokushisela yensimbi engagqwali nensimbi engafani ukuze ukhethe, bese usebenzisa izinqubo ezifanele zokushisela.
Ngokuphathelene nokuthambekela okujwayelekile, ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwemikhiqizo yezinto ezibonakalayo kuzothuthuka kancane kancane.Ngokuzayo, imikhiqizo eyenziwa ngesandla izothathelwa indawo kancane kancane ngemikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu enezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela.Isakhiwo, izidingo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe zokushisela ngaphansi kwezimo zesevisi ezihlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-05-2023