Enqubeni yokushisela, ziningi izinto ezidinga ukunakwa.Uma sekunganakiwe, kungase kube iphutha elikhulu.Lawa amaphuzu okufanele uwanake uma ucwaninga inqubo yokushisela.Uma ubhekana nezingozi zekhwalithi yokushisela, usadinga ukunaka lezi zinkinga!
1. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Welding akunaki ukukhetha i-voltage engcono kakhulu
[I-Phenomenon] Ngesikhathi sokushisela, i-arc voltage efanayo ikhethwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-bottom, ukugcwaliswa, kanye ne-capping, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bomsele.Ngale ndlela, ukujula okudingekile kokungena kanye nobubanzi bokuhlanganisa kungase kungahlangatshezwana nayo, futhi kungase kuvele amaphutha afana ne-undercut, ama-pores, nama-splashes.
[Izinyathelo] Ngokujwayelekile, ngokwezimo ezihlukene, i-arc ende ehambelanayo noma i-arc emfushane kufanele ikhethwe ukuze kutholwe ikhwalithi engcono yokushisela nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi.Isibonelo, ukusebenza kwe-short-arc kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuze kutholwe ukungena okungcono ngesikhathi sokushisela okuphansi, futhi i-arc voltage inganyuswa ngokufanele ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nobubanzi be-fusion ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa i-welding noma i-cap welding.
2. I-Welding ayilawuli i-welding current
[I-Phenomenon] Ngesikhathi sokushisela, ukuze kusheshiswe inqubekelaphambili, ama-butt welds amapuleti aphakathi nendawo futhi awugqinsi.Inkomba yamandla iyehla, noma ihluleke ngisho nokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile, futhi imifantu ivele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokugoba, okuzokwenza ukusebenza kwamalunga ashiselwe kungakwazi ukuqinisekiswa futhi kube yingozi engaba khona ekuphepheni kwesakhiwo.
[Izinyathelo] Ukushisela kufanele kulawulwe ngokuya nge-welding yamanje ekuhlolweni kwenqubo, futhi ukuguquguquka kwe-10-15% kuvunyelwe.Ubukhulu bonqenqema olubuthuntu lwe-groove akufanele budlule u-6mm.Lapho i-docking, lapho ubukhulu bepuleti budlula i-6mm, i-bevel kufanele ivulwe ukuze i-welding.
3. Unganaki ijubane lokushisela kanye namanje welding, futhi ububanzi benduku yokushisela kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuvumelana.
[Phenomenon] Lapho Welding, musa ukunaka ukulawula isivinini Welding kanye Welding wamanje, futhi usebenzise ububanzi electrode kanye Welding isikhundla ekuxhumaneni.Isibonelo, lapho i-welding ye-rooting yenziwa emalungeni angena ngokugcwele ekhoneni, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bezimpande, uma isivinini sokushisela sishesha kakhulu, ukufakwa kwegesi kanye ne-slag empandeni ngeke kube nesikhathi esanele sokukhipha, okuzodala kalula ukukhubazeka. njengokungena okungaphelele, ukufakwa kwe-slag, nama-pores empandeni;Ngesikhathi sokushisela ikhava, uma ijubane lokushisela lishesha kakhulu, kulula ukukhiqiza ama-pores;uma isivinini se-welding sihamba kancane, ukuqiniswa kwe-weld kuyoba phezulu kakhulu futhi ukubunjwa kuzoba okungajwayelekile;Ihamba kancane, kulula ukuyishisa njalo njalo.
[Izilinganiso] Isivinini sokushisela sinomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yokushisela kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-welding.Lapho ukhetha, khetha indawo efanele yokufaka i-welding ngokuya nge-welding yamanje, indawo ye-weld (i-welding ephansi, i-welding yokugcwalisa, i-cover welding), ubukhulu be-weld, nosayizi we-groove.Isivinini, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukungena, ukukhishwa kalula kwegesi kanye ne-welding slag, akukho ukushiswa, kanye nokwakheka okuhle, isivinini esiphezulu sokushisela sikhethwa ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle.
4. Unganaki ukulawula ubude be-arc lapho ushisela
[I-Phenomenon] Ubude be-arc abulungiswa kahle ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-groove, inombolo yezendlalelo zokushisela, ifomu lokushisela, uhlobo lwe-electrode, njll. ngesikhathi sokushisela.Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungafanele kobude be-arc yokushisela, kunzima ukuthola ama-welds ekhwalithi ephezulu.
[Izinyathelo] Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ye-weld, ukusebenza kwe-arc short-arc ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokushisela, kodwa ubude be-arc obufanele bungakhethwa ngokuya ngezimo ezihlukahlukene ukuze kutholwe ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu yokushisela, njenge-V-groove butt joint, I-fillet joint first Isendlalelo sokuqala kufanele sisebenzise i-arc emfushane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena ngaphandle kokusika, futhi ungqimba lwesibili lungaba lude kancane ukugcwalisa i-weld.I-arc emfushane kufanele isetshenziswe lapho igebe le-weld lincane, futhi i-arc ingaba yinde kancane uma igebe likhulu, ukuze isivinini sokushisela sisheshiswe.I-arc ye-overhead welding kufanele ibe mfushane kakhulu ukuvimbela insimbi encibilikisiwe ukuthi ingagelezi phansi;ukuze kulawulwe izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi se-welding eqondile kanye ne-welding enezingqimba, ukushisela okuphansi kwamanje kanye nokufushane kwe-arc kufanele futhi kusetshenziswe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-welding olusetshenziswayo, kuyadingeka ukugcina ubude be-arc ngokuyisisekelo bungashintshiwe ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ububanzi bokuhlanganiswa nokujula kokungena kwe-weld yonke kuyahambisana.
5. I-Welding ayinaki ukulawula i-welding deformation
[I-Phenomenon] Lapho i-welding, i-deformation ayilawulwa kusukela ezicini zokulandelana kwe-welding, ilungiselelo labasebenzi, ifomu le-groove, ukukhetha ukucaciswa kwe-welding kanye nendlela yokusebenza, okuzoholela ekuguquguqukeni okukhulu ngemva kokushisela, ukulungiswa okunzima, kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo, ikakhulukazi eziqinile. amapuleti kanye workpieces ezinkulu.Ukulungisa kunzima, futhi ukulungisa ngomshini kungabangela kalula imifantu noma izinyembezi ze-lamellar.Izindleko zokulungiswa komlilo ziphezulu futhi ukusebenza kabi kungabangela kalula ukushisa kwe-workpiece.Kuma-workpiece anezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, uma kungekho zinyathelo zokulawula ukuwohloka ezisebenzayo ezithathwayo, usayizi wokufaka we-workpiece ngeke uhlangabezane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa, ngisho nokusetshenzwa kabusha noma ukulahlwa kuzobangelwa.
[Izinyathelo] Yamukela ukulandelana kokushisela okunengqondo bese ukhetha ukucaciswa kokushisela okufanele nezindlela zokusebenza, futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokulwa nokuguquguquka kanye nezinyathelo zokulungisa eziqinile.
6. Ukushisela okungapheli kwe-welding enezingqimba eziningi, ukunganaki ukulawula izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezingqimba
[I-Phenomenon] Lapho ushisela amapuleti awugqinsi anezendlalelo eziningi, unganaki ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-interlayer.Uma isikhawu phakathi kwezingqimba side kakhulu, ukushisela ngaphandle kokushisa kabusha kuzodala kalula imifantu ebandayo phakathi kwezingqimba;uma isikhawu sisifishane kakhulu, izinga lokushisa le-interlayer liyoba Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-900°C), lizophinde libe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-weld kanye nendawo ethinteke ekushiseni, okuzodala okusanhlamvu okumahhadla, okuholela ekutheni ukwehla kokuqina nokuqina kwepulasitiki, futhi kuzoshiya izingozi ezingase zibe khona ezicashile kumalunga.
[Izilinganiso] Lapho kushiselwa amapuleti awugqinsi anezendlalelo eziningi, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwezendlalelo kufanele kuqiniswe.Phakathi nenqubo ye-welding eqhubekayo, izinga lokushisa lensimbi eyisisekelo okufanele lifakwe i-welded kufanele lihlolwe ukuze izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezingqimba lingagcinwa lifana ngangokunokwenzeka nokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu liyalawulwa.Isikhathi sokushisela akufanele sibe side kakhulu.Uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kokushisela, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele zokushisa emva kokushisa nokugcina ukushisa.Uma ushisela futhi, izinga lokushisa lokufudumala kufanele libe phezulu ngokufanelekile kunezinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa.
7. Uma i-weld ye-multi-layer ingasusi i-welding slag futhi ubuso be-weld bunamaphutha, ungqimba olungezansi luhlanganisiwe.
[I-Phenomenon] Lapho kushiselwa izingqimba eziningi zamapuleti awugqinsi, ungqimba olungezansi lushiselwa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokususa i-welding slag kanye namaphutha ngemva kokuba ungqimba ngalunye lushiselwe, okungenzeka lubangele ukufakwa kwe-slag, izimbotshana, imifantu kanye nezinye iziphambeko ekushiseleni, kunciphisa ukushisela. amandla okuxhuma futhi abangele ungqimba oluphansi welding isikhathi Splash.
[Izilinganiso] Lapho ushisela izingqimba eziningi zamapuleti awugqinsi, ungqimba ngalunye kufanele lushiselwe ngokuqhubekayo.Ngemuva kokuthi ungqimba ngalunye lwe-weld lufakwe, i-slag yokushisela, ukukhubazeka kwe-weld surface kanye ne-spatter kufanele kususwe ngesikhathi, futhi iziphambeko ezifana ne-slag inclusions, ama-pores kanye nemifantu ethinta ikhwalithi ye-welding kufanele isuswe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokushisa.
8. Usayizi wejoyinti lezinqe ezihlangene noma ijoyinti lezinqe zekhoneni elihlangene le-weld elidinga ukungena akwanele.
[I-Phenomenon] Amajoyinti amise okwe-T, amajoyinti awelayo, amalunga ekhona nezinye izinqe noma izinqe zekhoneni amashisela ahlanganisiwe adinga ukungena, usayizi womlenze wokushisela awanele, noma ukwakheka kwewebhu kanye nephiko elingaphezulu le-crane beam noma okufanayo. izingxenye ezidinga ukuhlolwa kokukhathala Uma ubukhulu bomlenze wokushisela we-plate onqenqemeni uxhumano weld akwanele, amandla kanye rigidity welding ngeke ukuhlangabezana nezidingo design.
[Izilinganiso] Amalunga amise okwe-T, amalunga ayisiphambano, amalunga e-fillet namanye amalunga ezinqe adinga ukungena kumele abe nezidingo ezanele zefillet ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokuklama.Ngokuvamile, usayizi we-weld fillet akumele ube ngaphansi kuka-0.25t (t uwugqinsi lwepuleti elincane elihlangene).Usayizi womlenze wokushisela wama-welds axhuma iwebhu kanye ne-flange engaphezulu ye-crane girder noma amawebhu afanayo anezidingo zokuhlola ukukhathala ngu-0.5t, futhi akufanele abe mkhulu kuno-10mm.Ukuphambuka okuvumelekile kosayizi we-welding ngu-0-4 mm.
9. Ipulaki yokushisela ikhanda le-electrode noma ibhulokhi yensimbi esikhaleni esihlangene
[I-Phenomenon] Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuhlanganisa ikhanda le-electrode noma i-iron block nengxenye eshiselwe ngesikhathi sokushisela, kuzodala ukukhubazeka kwe-welding njengokuhlanganisa okungaphelele nokungena okungaphelele, futhi kunciphise amandla okuxhuma.Uma igcwele amakhanda e-electrode agqwalile namabhuloki ensimbi, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihambisana nezinto zensimbi eyisisekelo;uma igcwele amakhanda e-electrode kanye namabhuloki ensimbi ngamafutha, ukungcola, njll., kuzodala amaphutha njengama-pores, ama-slag inclusions, nokuqhekeka kwe-weld.Lezi zimo zizonciphisa kakhulu ikhwalithi ye-weld seam ye-joint, engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi zomklamo kanye nokucaciswa kwe-weld seam.
[Izilinganiso] <1> Uma igebe lokuhlanganisa le-workpiece likhulu, kodwa lingeqi ububanzi obuvunyelwe bokusetshenziswa, futhi igebe lokuhlanganisa lidlula izikhathi ezi-2 ubukhulu bepuleti elincanyana noma likhulu kuno-20mm, indlela yokubuka kufanele esetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa ingxenye ehoxisiwe noma ukunciphisa igebe lomhlangano.Kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa indlela yokugcwalisa ikhanda lenduku ye-welding noma i-iron block ukulungisa i-welding endaweni ehlangene.<2> Lapho ucutshungulwa futhi ubhala izingxenye, kufanele kuqashelwe ukushiya isabelo esanele sokusika kanye nesibonelelo sokuncipha kokushisela ngemva kokusika, nokulawula usayizi wezingxenye.Ungakhulisi igebe ukuze uqinisekise usayizi ophelele.
10. Uma amapuleti anobukhulu obuhlukene nobubanzi asetshenziselwa ukumisa, uguquko alubushelelezi
[I-Phenomenon] Uma amapuleti anogqinsi nobubanzi obuhlukene esetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinqe, unganaki ukuthi umehluko wokujiya wamapuleti ungaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lezinga.Uma ingekho phakathi kwebanga elivumelekile futhi ngaphandle kokwelashwa koshintsho oluthambile, i-weld seam ingase ibangele ukugxilisa ingqondo nokulimala kokushisela okufana nokuhlanganisa okungaphelele endaweni ephakeme kunobukhulu beshidi, okuzothinta ikhwalithi yokushisela.
[Izinyathelo] Lapho imithethonqubo efanele yeqiwa, i-weld kufanele ishiselwe endaweni eyehlelayo, futhi inani eliphakeme elivumelekile lethambeka kufanele libe ngu-1:2.5;noma uhlangothi olulodwa noma zombili logqinsi kufanele lucutshungulwe lube yimithambeka ngaphambi kokushiselwa, futhi inani eliphakeme elivumelekile lethambeka kufanele libe ngu-1:2.5, lapho i-slope yesakhiwo ithwala ngokuqondile umthwalo oguquguqukayo futhi idinga ukuhlolwa kokukhathala, ukuthambekela akufanele kube okukhulu kuno-1:4.Uma amapuleti anobubanzi obuhlukene exhunywe ezinqeni, ukusika okushisayo, umshini wokugaya noma ukugaya isondo lokugaya kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuvumelana nezimo zefekthri kanye nesayithi ukwenza uguquko olubushelelezi, futhi umthamo omkhulu ovumelekile ovunyelwe ekuhlanganyeleni ngu-1: 2.5.
11. Unganaki ukulandelana kwe-welding yezingxenye ezinama-welds awela
[I-Phenomenon] Ezingxenyeni ezinama-weld cross, uma singanaki ukuhlela ngokunengqondo ukulandelana kwe-welding ngokuhlaziya ukukhululwa kokucindezeleka kwe-welding kanye nomthelela wokucindezeleka kwe-welding ku-deformation yengxenye, kodwa ukushisela ngokuqondile nangokuvundlile ngokungahleliwe, umphumela uzodala ubude nobude. amalunga avundlile ukuze avimbe omunye nomunye, okuholela enkulu Ukucindezeleka kokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuzokhubaza ipuleti, ingaphezulu lepuleti lizobe lingalingani, futhi lingase libangele ukuqhekeka kwe-weld.
[Izinyathelo] Ezingxenyeni ezinama-weld awela, ukulandelana kwe-welding okufanele kusungulwe.Lapho kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokushisela okuphambene okuqondile nokuvundlile okuzoshiselwa, ama-seams aguquguqukayo ane-deformation enkulu yokuncipha kufanele ashiselwe kuqala, bese kuthi ama-weld we-longitudinal ashiselwe, ukuze ama-welds aguquguqukayo angavinjwa ama-welds we-longitudinal lapho. ukushisela ama-weld aguquguqukayo, ukuze ukucindezelwa kokuncipha kwama-seams aguquguqukayo Kukhishwe ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela kwe-weld, ukugcina ikhwalithi yokushisela, noma ukushisela izinqe ze-weld kuqala bese kuba ukushisela kwe-fillet.
12. Lapho i-welding ezungezile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izintambo zezinsimbi zensimbi, i-welding eqhubekayo izosetshenziswa emakhoneni.
[I-Phenomenon] Lapho i-lap joint ephakathi kwe-section iron rod kanye ne-continuous plate izungezwe yi-welding, ama-weld ezinhlangothini zombili zenduku ayashiselwa kuqala, futhi ama-weld ekugcineni ashiselwa kamuva, futhi ukushisela akuqhubeki.Nakuba lokhu kunenzuzo ekwehliseni ukuwohloka kwe-welding, kuthambekele ekugxilweni kwengcindezi kanye nokukhubazeka kokushisela emakhoneni ezinti, okuthinta ikhwalithi yamalunga ashiselwe.
[Izilinganiso] Lapho ama-lap joints of section steel rods are welded, ukushisela kufanele kugcwaliswe ngokuqhubekayo ekhoneni ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ungashiseli ekhoneni bese uya kolunye uhlangothi lwe-welding.
13. Kudingeka ukudokha okulinganayo kwamandla, futhi awekho amapuleti okuqalisa ama-arc namapuleti aphuma umthofu kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-crane beam wing plate kanye ne-web plate.
[I-Phenomenon] Lapho amashisela ezinqeni zokushisela, amashisela e-fillet angena ngokugcwele, kanye nokushisela phakathi kwamapuleti e-crane beam flange nama-web, awekho amapuleti aqala ama-arc namapuleti aphuma umthofu angeziwe ezindaweni zokuqala neziphuma phambili, ukuze kuthi lapho ukushisela iziphetho zokuqala nokuphela, Njengoba i-voltage yamanje kanye ne-voltage azinzile ngokwanele, izinga lokushisa endaweni yokuqala nasekupheleni alizinzile ngokwanele, okungase kuholele kalula emaphutheni anjengokuhlanganisa okungaphelele, ukungena okungaphelele, ukuqhekeka, ukufakwa kwe-slag, kanye ama-pores ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokushisela, okuzonciphisa amandla e-weld futhi ahluleke ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama.
[Izilinganiso] Lapho kushiselwa izinqenqema zokushisela, amashisela e-fillet angena ngokugcwele, kanye nokushisela phakathi kwe-crane girder flange newebhu, amapuleti e-arc strike kanye nama-lead-out plate kufanele afakwe kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-weld.Ngemuva kokuthi ingxenye enesici ikhishwe ku-workpiece, ingxenye enesici iyanqunywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ye-weld.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-12-2023