Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwama-electrode e-tungsten we-GTAW

Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwama-electrode e-tungsten e-GTAW kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela futhi kuvinjwe ukungcoliswa nokusebenza kabusha.Izithombe ze-Getty
I-Tungsten iyingxenye yensimbi eyivelakancane esetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-electrode e-gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW).Inqubo ye-GTAW incike ebukhuni kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwe-tungsten ukuze idlulisele i-welding yamanje ku-arc.Iphuzu lokuncibilika kwe-tungsten liphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke izinsimbi, ku-3,410 degrees Celsius.
Lawa ma-electrode angasebenziseki afika ngobukhulu nobude obuhlukahlukene, futhi akhiwe ngama-tungsten ahlanzekile noma ama-alloys e-tungsten nezinye izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile nama-oxides.Ukukhethwa kwe-electrode ye-GTAW kuncike ohlotsheni nogqinsi lwe-substrate, nokuthi ingabe i-alternating current (AC) noma i-direct current (DC) isetshenziselwa ukushisela.Imaphi amalungiselelo amathathu okugcina owakhethayo, ayindilinga, acijile, noma ancishisiwe, nawo abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa nokusebenza kabusha.
I-electrode ngayinye inombala onemibala ukuze kuqedwe ukudideka ngohlobo lwayo.Umbala uvela esihlokweni se-electrode.
Ama-electrode e-tungsten ahlanzekile (isigaba se-AWS se-EWP) aqukethe u-99.50% we-tungsten, enezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwawo wonke ama-electrode, futhi ngokuvamile ashibhile kune-alloy electrode.
Lawa ma-electrode akha ithiphu eliyisiyingi elihlanzekile uma ishisiwe futhi anikeze ukuzinza kwe-arc okuhle kakhulu kokushisela kwe-AC ngamagagasi alinganiselayo.I-tungsten ehlanzekile iphinde inikeze ukuzinza kwe-arc okuhle kwe-AC sine wave welding, ikakhulukazi ku-aluminium ne-magnesium.Ngokuvamile ayisetshenziselwa ukushisela i-DC ngoba ayinikezi isiqalo esiqinile se-arc esihlotshaniswa ne-thorium noma i-cerium electrode.Akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-tungsten ehlanzekile emishinini esekelwe ku-inverter;ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, sebenzisa i-cerium ebukhali noma ama-lanthanide electrode.
Ama-electrode e-thorium tungsten (isigaba se-AWS EWTh-1 ne-EWTh-2) aqukethe okungenani u-97.30% we-tungsten no-0.8% kuya ku-2.20% we-thorium.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: EWTh-1 kanye EWTh-2, equkethe 1% kanye 2%, ngokulandelana.Ngokulandelana.Ama-electrode asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi athandwa impilo yawo ende yesevisi kanye nokusebenziseka kalula.I-Thorium ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokukhishwa kwe-electron ye-electrode, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuqala kwe-arc futhi ivumele umthamo wamanje wokuthwala ophezulu.I-electrode isebenza ngaphansi kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa layo elincibilikayo, elinciphisa kakhulu izinga lokusetshenziswa futhi liqede i-arc drift, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuzinza.Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-electrode, ama-electrode e-thorium afaka i-tungsten encane echibini elincibilikisiwe, ngakho abangela ukungcola okuncane kwe-weld.
Lawa ma-electrode asetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni i-electrode negative (DCEN) yamanje ye-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, i-nickel ne-titanium, kanye nokushisela okuthile okukhethekile kwe-AC (njengezicelo ezincane ze-aluminium).
Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, i-thorium ihlakazeka ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke i-electrode, esiza i-tungsten ukuthi igcine imiphetho ebukhali ngemva kokugaya-lokhu kuyisimo esifanelekile se-electrode sokushisela insimbi encane.Qaphela: I-thorium ikhipha imisebe, ngakho-ke kufanele ulandele izixwayiso zomkhiqizi, imiyalelo kanye nedatha yedatha yempahla (MSDS) uma uyisebenzisa.
I-cerium tungsten electrode (isigaba se-AWS EWCe-2) iqukethe okungenani u-97.30% we-tungsten no-1.80% kuya ku-2.20% we-cerium, futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-cerium engu-2%.Lawa ma-electrode enza kahle kakhulu ekushiseleni kwe-DC ezilungiselelweni zamanje eziphansi, kodwa angasetshenziswa ngobuchule ezinqubweni ze-AC.Ngokuqala kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwe-arc ku-amperage ephansi, i-cerium tungsten idumile ezinhlelweni ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwamashubhu kaloliwe namapayipi, ukucubungula insimbi yeshidi, nomsebenzi ohlanganisa izingxenye ezincane nezinembayo.Njenge-thorium, isetshenziselwa kangcono ukushisela i-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, ama-nickel alloys kanye ne-titanium.Kwezinye izimo, ingathatha indawo ye-2% thorium electrode.Izakhiwo zikagesi ze-cerium tungsten ne-thorium zihluke kancane, kodwa ama-welders amaningi awakwazi ukuwahlukanisa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-amperage cerium electrode ephakeme akunconyiwe, ngoba i-amperage ephezulu izobangela i-oxide ukuthi ithuthele ngokushesha ekushiseni kwephuzu, isuse okuqukethwe kwe-oxide futhi yenze izinzuzo zenqubo zingasebenzi.
Sebenzisa amathiphu acijile kanye/noma ancishisiwe (ezinhlobo ze-tungsten emsulwa, i-cerium, i-lanthanum ne-thorium) kuzinqubo zokushisela ze-inverter AC kanye ne-DC.
Ama-electrode e-lanthanum tungsten (izigaba ze-AWS EWLa-1, EWLa-1.5 kanye ne-EWLa-2) aqukethe okungenani u-97.30% we-tungsten no-0.8% kuya ku-2.20% we-lanthanum noma i-lanthanum, futhi abizwa nge-EWLa-1, EWLa-1.5 kanye noMnyango we-EWLa-2 Lanthanum kwezakhi.Lawa ma-electrode anekhono elihle kakhulu lokuqala le-arc, izinga eliphansi lokutubeka, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-arc nezici ezinhle kakhulu zokubusa-eziningi zezinzuzo ezifanayo njengama-electrode e-cerium.Ama-electrode e-lanthanide nawo anezindawo zokuqhuba ze-2% thorium tungsten.Kwezinye izimo, i-lanthanum-tungsten ingashintsha i-thorium-tungsten ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu kwinqubo yokushisela.
Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokushisela, i-lanthanum tungsten electrode iyisinqumo esihle.Afanele i-AC noma i-DCEN enethiphu, noma angasetshenziswa ne-AC sine wave power supply.I-Lanthanum ne-tungsten ingagcina ithiphu ebukhali kahle kakhulu, okuyinzuzo yensimbi yokushisela nensimbi engagqwali ku-DC noma i-AC kusetshenziswa i-square wave power supply.
Ngokungafani ne-thorium tungsten, lawa ma-electrode afanele ukushiselwa kwe-AC futhi, njengama-electrode e-cerium, avumela i-arc ukuthi iqalwe futhi igcinwe ku-voltage ephansi.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-tungsten emsulwa, ngosayizi onikeziwe we-electrode, ukungezwa kwe-lanthanum oxide kukhulisa umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala wamanje cishe ngo-50%.
I-zirconium tungsten electrode (isigaba se-AWS EWZr-1) iqukethe okungenani i-99.10% ye-tungsten kanye ne-0.15% kuya ku-0.40% ye-zirconium.I-zirconium tungsten electrode ingakwazi ukukhiqiza i-arc ezinzile futhi ivimbele i-spatter ye-tungsten.Kuyinketho ekahle yokushisela i-AC ngoba igcina ithiphu eyindilinga futhi inokumelana nokungcoliswa okuphezulu.Umthamo wayo wamanje wokuthwala uyalingana noma mkhulu kune-thorium tungsten.Akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-zirconium ye-DC welding ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo.
I-electrode ye-tungsten yomhlaba engavamile (isigaba se-AWS EWG) iqukethe izithasiselo ze-oxide yomhlaba ezingacacisiwe ezingacacisiwe noma inhlanganisela exubile yama-oxide ahlukene, kodwa umenzi udinga ukukhombisa isithasiselo ngasinye namaphesenti aso kuphakheji.Kuye ngesengezo, imiphumela oyifunayo ingase ihlanganise ukukhiqiza i-arc ezinzile phakathi nezinqubo ze-AC ne-DC, impilo ende kune-thorium tungsten, ikhono lokusebenzisa ama-electrode amadayamitha amancane emsebenzini ofanayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-electrode anosayizi ofanayo I-higher current. kanye ne-spatter ye-tungsten encane.
Ngemva kokukhetha uhlobo lwe-electrode, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhetha ukulungiswa kokuphela.Izinketho ezintathu ziyi-spherical, zikhomba futhi zincishisiwe.
Ithiphu eyindilinga ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ama-electrode e-tungsten amsulwa kanye ne-zirconium futhi inconywa ngezinqubo ze-AC ku-sine wave kanye nemishini yesikwele yesikwele ye-GTAW.Ukuze wenze i-terraform ngendlela efanele isiphetho se-tungsten, vele usebenzise i-AC yamanje enconyiwe kububanzi be-electrode enikeziwe (bona Umfanekiso 1), futhi ibhola lizokwakhiwa ekugcineni kwe-electrode.
Ububanzi besiphetho esiyindilinga akufanele budlule izikhathi ezingu-1.5 ububanzi be-electrode (isibonelo, i-electrode engu-1/8-intshi kufanele yakhe ukuphela kobubanzi obungu-3/16-intshi).I-sphere enkulu ekugcineni kwe-electrode inciphisa ukuzinza kwe-arc.Ingase futhi iwe futhi ingcolise i-weld.
Amathiphu kanye/noma amathiphu ancishisiwe (e-tungsten emsulwa, i-cerium, i-lanthanum nezinhlobo ze-thorium) asetshenziswa ku-inverter AC kanye nezinqubo zokushisela ze-DC.
Ukuze ugaye i-tungsten ngendlela efanele, sebenzisa isondo lokugaya eliklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukugaya i-tungsten (ukuvimbela ukungcola) kanye nesondo lokugaya elenziwe nge-borax noma ngedayimane (ukumelana nobulukhuni be-tungsten).Qaphela: Uma ugaya i-thorium tungsten, sicela uqinisekise ukuthi ulawula futhi uqoqe uthuli;indawo yokugaya inesistimu yokungenisa umoya eyanele;futhi ulandele izixwayiso zomenzi, imiyalelo kanye ne-MSDS.
Gaya i-tungsten ngqo esondweni nge-engeli engu-90 degree (bheka Umfanekiso 2) ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izimpawu zokugaya zinwebeka ngobude be-electrode.Ukwenza kanjalo kunganciphisa ukuba khona kwama-ridge ku-tungsten, okungase kubangele ukukhukhuleka kwe-arc noma kuncibilike ku-weld pool, okuholela ekungcoleni.
Ngokuvamile, ufuna ukugaya i-taper ku-tungsten ingabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-2.5 ububanzi be-electrode (isibonelo, i-electrode engu-1/8-intshi, indawo engaphansi ingama-intshi angu-1/4 kuya ku-5/16 ubude).Ukugaya i-tungsten ibe ikhoni kungenza kube lula ukushintshwa kwe-arc ukuqala, futhi kukhiqize i-arc egxile kakhulu, ukuze uthole ukusebenza okungcono kokushisela.
Uma ushisela ezintweni ezincane (0.005 kuya ku-0.040 amayintshi) ngesikhathi esiphansi, kungcono ukugaya i-tungsten iphuzu.Ithiphu ivumela i-welding current ukuthi idluliselwe ku-arc egxilile futhi isiza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwezinsimbi ezincane njenge-aluminium.Akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-tungsten ecijile ezinhlelweni zamanje eziphakeme ngoba amandla amanje aphezulu azophephula ichopho le-tungsten futhi abangele ukungcoliswa kwechibi lokushisela.
Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphakeme zamanje, kungcono ukugaya ithiphu elincishisiwe.Ukuze uthole lo mumo, i-tungsten iwumhlabathi wokuqala ku-taper echazwe ngenhla, bese igaywa ibe ngamayintshi angu-0.010 kuya ku-0.030.Umhlabathi oyisicaba ekugcineni kwe-tungsten.Lo mhlabathi oyisicaba usiza ukuvimbela i-tungsten ukuthi ingadluli ku-arc.Iphinde ivimbele ukwakheka amabhola.
I-WELDER, eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bangempela abenza imikhiqizo esiyisebenzisayo nesisebenza nsuku zonke.Lo magazini ususebenzele umphakathi wokushisela eNyakatho Melika iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.

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