Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokushisela ngaphansi kwamanzi: indlela eyomile, indlela emanzi kanye nendlela yokomisa ingxenye.
Ukushisela okomile
Lena indlela lapho ikamelo elikhulu lomoya lisetshenziselwa ukumboza ukushisela, futhi i-welder yenza i-welding ekamelweni lomoya.Njengoba i-welding yenziwa esigabeni segesi esomile, ukuphepha kwayo kungcono.Lapho ukujula kudlula ibanga lokutshuza komoya, izinhlansi zikhiqizwa kalula ngenxa yokwanda komfutho we-oxygen wendawo endaweni yomoya.Ngakho-ke, igesi ye-inert noma i-semi-inert kufanele isetshenziswe ekamelweni legesi.Ngesikhathi se-welding eyomile, ama-welders kufanele agqoke izingubo ezikhethekile ezivikela umlilo kanye nokushisa okuphezulu.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-welding emanzi nengxenye eyomile, i-welding eyomile inokuphepha okungcono kakhulu, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulinganiselwe kakhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo akukona konke.
i-welding eyomile ingxenye
Indlela eyomile yendawo iyindlela ye-welding engaphansi kwamanzi lapho i-welder yenza i-welding emanzini futhi ikhiphe amanzi ngokwenziwa endaweni ezungezile, futhi izinyathelo zayo zokuphepha zifana nalezo zendlela emanzi.
Njengoba indlela yokoma kwamabala isacwaningwa, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akukakasabalali.
Ukushisela okumanzi
Ukushisela okumanzi kuyindlela yokushisela engaphansi kwamanzi lapho umshiseli eshisela khona ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwamanzi esikhundleni sokukhipha amanzi ngokwenziwa endaweni ezungezile.
Ukushiswa kwe-arc ngaphansi kwamanzi kufana nokushisela kwe-arc engaphansi, futhi kusha kumabhamuza omoya.Lapho i-electrode ivutha, ukugqoka ku-electrode kwakha umkhono oqinisa amabhamuza omoya futhi ngaleyo ndlela uzinzise i-arc.Ukuze wenze i-electrode ishise ngokuzinzile ngaphansi kwamanzi, kuyadingeka ukugqoka ukushuba okuthile kwe-electrode core futhi uyifake ngepharafini noma ezinye izinto ezingangeni manzi ukuze i-electrode ingangeni manzi.Amabhamuza ayi-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo, umhwamuko wamanzi namagwebu akhiqizwa ukushiswa kwezingubo ze-electrode;amanye ama-oxide akhiqizwa intuthu engcolile.Ukuze unqobe ubunzima bokushisa kwe-arc kanye nokuzinza kwe-arc okubangelwa ukupholisa kwamanzi nokucindezela, i-voltage ye-arc ignition iphakeme kunaleyo yasemkhathini, futhi yamanje yayo inkulu ngo-15% kuya ku-20% kune-welding current emkhathini.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-welding eyomile neyingxenye eyomile, ukushisela okumanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, kodwa ukuphepha kubi kakhulu.Ngenxa ye-conductivity yamanzi, ukuvikela ngokumelene nokushaqeka kukagesi kungenye yezinkinga eziyinhloko zokuphepha zokushisela okumanzi.
Ukushisela okumanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi kwenziwa ngokuqondile emanzini ajulile, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi akukho mgoqo wemishini phakathi kwendawo yokushisela namanzi.I-welding ayithinteki kuphela ukucindezela kwamanzi okuzungezile, kodwa futhi kupholiswe kakhulu ngamanzi azungezile.
Nakuba ukushisela okumanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi kulula futhi kuyavumelana nezimo, futhi kudinga imishini nezimo ezilula, ngenxa yokupholisa okuqinile kwe-arc yokushisela, ichibi elincibilikisiwe, i-electrode kanye nensimbi yokushisela ngamanzi, ukuzinza kwe-arc kuyabhujiswa, futhi ukuma kwe-weld kubi. .Indawo eqinile yakhiwa endaweni ethinteke ukushisa okushisela, futhi inani elikhulu le-hydrogen lingeniswa kukholomu ye-arc kanye nechibi elincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, okungase kuholele ekushiyekeni okufana nemifantu yokushisela nama-pores.Ngakho-ke, ukushisela okumanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinamanzi angashoni anezimo ezinhle zolwandle kanye nokushisela kwezingxenye ezingadingi ukucindezeleka okukhulu.
Indawo engaphansi kwamanzi yenza inqubo yokushisela ngaphansi kwamanzi ibe nzima kakhulu kunenqubo yokushisela umhlaba.Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bokushisela, kuhlanganisa nezinto eziningi ezifana nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza kwe-diving.Izici ze-underwater welding yilezi:
1. Ukubonakala okuphansi.Ukumuncwa, ukubonakaliswa kanye nokuphindwa kabusha kokukhanya ngamanzi kunamandla kakhulu kunomoya.Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya kuba buthaka ngokushesha lapho kwanda emanzini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lamabhamuza nentuthu kukhiqizwa eduze kwe-arc ngesikhathi sokushisela, okwenza i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi ibonakale iphansi kakhulu.Ukushisela ngaphansi kwamanzi kwenziwa endaweni enodaka nasolwandle enesihlabathi nodaka, futhi ukubonakala emanzini kubi nakakhulu.
2. I-weld seam iqukethe i-hydrogen ephezulu, futhi i-hydrogen iyizitha zokushisela.Uma okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen ku-welding kudlula inani elivumelekile, kulula ukubangela imifantu futhi kuholele ekulimaleni kwesakhiwo.I-arc engaphansi kwamanzi izobangela ukubola okushisayo kwamanzi azungezile, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-hydrogen encibilikisiwe ekushiseleni.Ikhwalithi embi yamajoyini ashiselwe we-electrode arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi ayinakuhlukaniswa nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen.
3. Ijubane lokupholisa liyashesha.Lapho ushisela ngaphansi kwamanzi, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi olwandle liphakeme, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20 kunomoya.Uma indlela emanzi noma indlela yendawo isetshenziselwa ukushisela ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-workpiece okufanele ifakwe emanzini ngokuqondile, futhi umphumela wokucisha wamanzi ku-weld uyabonakala, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza isakhiwo esiqinile esiqinile.Ngakho-ke, umphumela obandayo ungagwenywa kuphela lapho kusetshenziswa i-welding eyomile.
4. Ithonya lokucindezela, njengoba ingcindezi ikhula, ikholomu ye-arc iba mncane, ububanzi be-weld bead buba buncane, ukuphakama kwe-weld seam kuyanda, futhi ukuminyana kwe-conductive medium kuyanda, okwandisa ubunzima be-ionization. , i-arc voltage iyanda ngokufanele, futhi ukuzinza kwe-arc Kuncishisiwe, kwanda ukuchaphazeka nomusi.
5. Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kunzima ukuqaphela.Ngenxa yethonya kanye nomkhawulo wendawo engaphansi kwamanzi, ezimweni eziningi, indlela yokushisela ingxenye eyodwa kanye nokumisa ingxenye eyodwa kufanele yamukelwe, okuholela ekushiseni okungapheli.
Ukuphepha kokushisela okumanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi kubi kakhulu kunalokho okusemhlabeni.Izinyathelo zokuphepha eziyinhloko yilezi:
Umsinga oqondile kufanele usetshenziselwe ukushisela ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi ukushintshashintsha kwamandla akuvunyelwe.I-voltage engekho umthwalo ngokuvamile i-50-80V.Lawula izinto zikagesi ezithintana ngqo nama-diving welders kufanele zisebenzise ama-isolation transformer futhi zivikelwe ukugcwala ngokweqile.Ngaphambi kokuthi abashiseli be-diving baqale ukusebenza noma ngesikhathi sokushintsha ama-electrode, kufanele bazise izisebenzi zasemhlabeni ukuthi zinqume umjikelezo.Abashiseli be-Diving kumele bagqoke izingubo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela kanye namagilavu akhethekile.Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwe-arc nokuqhubeka kwe-arc, izandla kufanele zigwenywe ekuthinteni izinto zokusebenza, izintambo, izinduku zokushisela, njll. Uma ushisela esakhiweni esiphilayo, umsinga esakhiweni kufanele unqunywe kuqala.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-welding ngaphansi kwamanzi, ukuvikelwa kwenhlanzeko yabasebenzi, ikakhulukazi ukuvikelwa kwedolobha kanye nokuvikelwa kokushiswa kufanele kuhlinzekwe.Njalo hlola ukusebenza kwe-insulation nokusebenza okungangeni kwamanzi kwemishini yokushisela engaphansi kwamanzi, izindlawu zokushisela, izintambo, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-12-2023