I-SMAW, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-electrode arc welding, iyindlela yokuhlanganisa i-arc lapho i-arc ibangelwa i-electrode futhi izingxenye zokushisela zincibilika ngokushisa kwe-arc.Iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ejwayeleke kakhulu ye-welding njengamanje.
I-Arc iyinto yokuqhuba umoya.I-arc yokushisela iyinto eqinile futhi eqhubekayo yokukhipha ekhiqizwa endaweni yegesi phakathi kwe-electrode kanye ne-workpiece.Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, i-electrode kanye ne-weldment ngokulandelanayo ixhunywe kuma-electrode amabili omthombo wamandla wokushisela.Lapho i-welding core ye-electrode ithinta ubuso be-weldment, isifunda sivuliwe, futhi i-current short-circuit current ikhiqizwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.Njengoba kunokumelana okuthile koxhumana naye, ngokusho kwe-Q=I2Rt, inani elikhulu lokushisa lizokhiqizwa lapho, futhi ukushisa kuzoshisa ngokushesha futhi kuncibilike othintana naye.Lapho i-electrode iphakanyiswa ngu-2 ~ 4mm, i-gas medium phakathi kwe-electrode kanye ne-weldment i-ionized, ikhiqiza ama-electron conductive nama-ion aqondile.Ngaphansi kwesenzo senkambu kagesi, ama-electron athuthela ku-anode, futhi ama-ion amahle athuthela ku-cathode.Zishayisana futhi ziphinde zihlangane ngokuqhubekayo, ziguqule amandla e-kinetic abe amandla okushisa, ngaleyo ndlela zikhiqize ukukhanya okunamandla nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi zenze i-arc phakathi kokuphela kwe-electrode kanye ne-weldment.
I-arc incibilikisa ukuphela kwe-electrode kanye nokushisela okuhambisanayo ngesikhathi esifanayo.Insimbi eshiselwe iyancibilika yakhe ichibi elincibilikisiwe, futhi insimbi ye-electrode iyancibilika yenze ithonsi.Amaconsi ancibilikisiwe angena echibini elincibilikisiwe ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi kanye namandla aphephetha i-arc, ahlangane nensimbi yokushisela, futhi akhe into yokushisela ngemva kokuqina.Phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, ukugqoka kuyancibilika ukuze kwakhiwe i-slag futhi kukhiqizwa inani elikhulu legesi, elivikela futhi liphathe nge-metallurgically insimbi ye-pool encibilikisiwe.
I-arc ye-welding iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: indawo ye-cathode, indawo ye-anode kanye nendawo yekholomu ye-arc.Indawo ye-cathode ikhipha ama-electron, futhi izinga lokushisa liphansi, cishe ngo-2400K;indawo ye-anode yamukela ama-electron, futhi izinga lokushisa liphezulu, cishe ngo-2600K;izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo lekholomu ye-arc liphakeme kakhulu, lingaba ngu-6000~8000K.
Uma usebenzisa umthombo wamandla wokushisela we-DC arc (njenge-arc welding rectifier) yokushisela, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuxhuma: uxhumano oluhle nokuxhumeka okuhlehlayo.Ukuxhumana okuhle kuyindlela yokuxhuma lapho i-electrode ixhunywe khona ku-electrode engalungile futhi i-workpiece ixhunywe ku-electrode enhle.Njengoba i-electrode eyakhayo yamukela ama-electron futhi ikhiqize ukushisa okwengeziwe, ukushisela kulula ukungena, ngakho le ndlela yokuxhuma ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukushisela ama-workpieces amakhulu.Ukuxhumeka okubuyela emuva kuyindlela yokuxhuma lapho i-electrode ixhunywe khona ku-electrode enhle futhi i-workpiece ixhunywe ku-electrode engalungile.Njengoba ukushisa okukhiqizwa ama-electron akhishwa i-electrode engalungile kuncane, ukushisela akulula ukuvutha, ngakho le ndlela yokuxhuma ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukushisela ama-workpieces amancane.
Ukushisa okukhiqizwa i-arc yokushisela kuhambisana nomkhiqizo we-arc voltage kanye ne-welding current (okungukuthi, Q=IUt).Ngokuvamile, i-voltage phakathi kwe-weldment kanye ne-electrode lapho i-arc ishiswa ngokuqinile ibizwa ngokuthi i-arc voltage, futhi i-arc voltage ngokuvamile iba ku-20 ~ 35V.Ngenxa yokuthi i-arc voltage ishintsha kancane, ukushisa kwe-arc kulungiswa ngokuyinhloko ngokulungisa i-welding current ekukhiqizeni.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-30-2022 