Iphuzu lolwazi 1:Izici ezithonya kanye nezinyathelo zokuphikisa zekhwalithi yenqubo yokushisela
Ikhwalithi yenqubo isho izinga lesiqinisekiso sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.Ngamanye amazwi, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo isekelwe kwikhwalithi yenqubo, futhi kufanele ibe nekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokucubungula inqubo ukuze ukhiqize imikhiqizo emihle kakhulu.
Izinga lomkhiqizo alikho kuphela ngemva kokuphothulwa kwawo wonke umsebenzi wokucutshungulwa nokuhlanganisa, ngokusebenzisa abasebenzi bokuhlola isikhathi esigcwele ukuze banqume inani lemingcele yezobuchwepheshe, futhi bathole imvume yomsebenzisi ngisho noma izidingo zihlangatshezwana nazo, kodwa ekuqaleni inqubo yokucubungula ikhona futhi isebenza kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza.
Ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina ufanelekile noma cha kuncike kumphumela oqongelelekayo wawo wonke amaphutha enqubo.Ngakho-ke, inqubo iyisixhumanisi esiyisisekelo senqubo yokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi isixhumanisi esiyisisekelo sokuhlola.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe kuhlanganisa izinqubo eziningi, ezifana nokususwa kokungcola nokugqwala kwezinto zensimbi, ukuqondisa, ukumaka, ukuvala, ukucutshungulwa konqenqema lwe-groove, ukwakha, ukufakwa kwesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe, ukuthungatha, ukwelashwa kokushisa, njll Inqubo ngayinye inezidingo ezithile zekhwalithi, futhi kunezici ezithinta izinga layo.
Njengoba ikhwalithi yenqubo izogcina inqume ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya izici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ikhwalithi yenqubo futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokulawula eziphumelelayo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokushisela.
Izici ezithinta ikhwalithi yenqubo zifingqiwe kanje: abasebenzi, imishini, izinto zokwakha, izindlela zenqubo kanye nezici ezinhlanu zendawo yokukhiqiza, okubizwa ngokuthi "abantu, imishini, izinto zokwakha, izindlela, namasongo" izici ezinhlanu.Izinga lomthelela wesici ngasinye kwikhwalithi yezinqubo ezahlukene lihluke kakhulu, futhi kufanele lihlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukushisela kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni izakhiwo ezishiselwe, futhi izici ezithinta ikhwalithi yayo nazo ziyizici ezinhlanu ezingenhla.
1.Ukushiselaizici zomqhubi
Izindlela zokushisela ezihlukahlukene zincike ku-opharetha ngamadigri ahlukene.
Ngokushisela i-arc manual, amakhono omshini wokushisela kanye nesimo sengqondo sokusebenza ngokucophelela kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokushisela.
Ngokufakwa kwe-arc okuzenzakalelayo kwe-arc, ukulungiswa kwemingcele yenqubo yokushisela kanye nokushisela akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokusebenza komuntu.
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-semi-automatic welding, ukunyakaza kwe-arc eduze kwejoyinti elishiselwe nakho kulawulwa yi-welder.Uma ukuqwashisa ngekhwalithi ye-welder kungalungile, ukusebenza ngokunganaki, akuhambelani nezinqubo zenqubo ye-welding, noma amakhono aphansi okusebenza, ubuchwepheshe obungenamakhono buzothinta ikhwalithi ye-welding eqondile.
Izinyathelo zokulawula zabasebenzi be-welding zimi kanje:
(1) Qinisa imfundo yokuqwashisa ngekhwalithi yabashiseli “ikhwalithi kuqala, umsebenzisi kuqala, inqubo elandelayo umsebenzisi”, uthuthukise umuzwa wabo wokuzibophezela kanye nesitayela somsebenzi sokucophelela, futhi usungule uhlelo lwemfanelo lwekhwalithi.
(2) Ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi okuvamile kwabashiseli, ukulawula inqubo ngokwethiyori, futhi kuthuthukise izinga lamakhono okusebenza ekusebenzeni.
(3) Ekukhiqizeni, abashisela kudingeka basebenzise ngokuqinile imithetho yenqubo yokushisela, futhi baqinise ukuzihlola kwenqubo yokushisela kanye nokuhlolwa kwabahloli besikhathi esigcwele.
(4) Sebenzisa ngobuqotho uhlelo lokuhlola i-welder, bambelela esitifiketini sokushisela, sungula amafayela obuchwepheshe be-welder.
Ukuze kukhiqizwe izakhiwo ezibalulekile noma ezibalulekile ezishiselwe, ukucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe kwe-welder nakho kuyadingeka.Isibonelo, ubude besikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kokushisela, isipiliyoni sokukhiqiza, isimo samanje sobuchwepheshe, ubudala, ubude benkonzo, amandla omzimba, umbono, ukunaka, njll., kufanele konke kufakwe kububanzi bokuhlola.
2.Izici zemishini yokushisela
Ukusebenza, ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwemishini yokushisela ehlukahlukene kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokushisela.Uma ukwakheka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izinga eliphezulu lemishini kanye ne-automation, kuyanda ukuncika kwekhwalithi yokushisela kuyo.
Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwemishini luyadingeka ukuze kube nokusebenza okungcono nokuzinza.Imishini yokushisela kufanele ihlolwe futhi ihlolwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlelo lokuhlola njalo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemishini yokushisela esemsebenzini.
Kuhlelo lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela, kusukela ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yenqubo yokushisela, umshini wokushisela kanye nemishini kufanele yenze lokhu okulandelayo:
(1) Ukugcinwa njalo, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kabusha kwemishini yokushisela, kanye nezakhiwo ezibalulekile zokushisela kufanele kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.
(2) Hlola njalo i-ammeter, i-voltmeter, imitha yokugeleza kwegesi nezinye izinsimbi emishini yokushisela ukuze uqinisekise ukulinganisa okunembile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
(3) Sungula amafayela wezobuchwepheshe wesimo semishini yokushisela ukuze unikeze imibono yokuhlaziya nokuxazulula izinkinga.
(4) Ukusungula uhlelo lokuzibophezela lwabasebenzisi bemishini yokushisela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuqhubeka kokulungiswa kwemishini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokusebenzisa imishini yokushisela, njengezidingo zamanzi, ugesi, imvelo, njll., ukulungiswa kwemishini yokushisela, indawo edingekayo yokusebenza, nokulungiswa kwamaphutha nakho kudinga ukunakwa ngokugcwele, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwemishini yokushisela.
3.Izinto zokushiselaisici
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-welding zihlanganisa isisekelo sensimbi, izinto zokushisela (i-electrode, ucingo, i-flux, igesi elivikelayo), njll. Izinga lalezi zinto liyisisekelo kanye nesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokushisela.
Ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokushisela, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe kubaluleke kakhulu.Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhiqiza, okungukuthi, kuyadingeka ukuvala izinto ngaphambi kokuphakela, ukuze kuqiniswe ukukhiqizwa futhi kuzinze ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokushisela.
Kuhlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yokushisela, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe zokushisela kufaka phakathi lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
(1) Qinisa ukwamukelwa nokuhlolwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela, futhi uhlole kabusha izinkomba zazo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini uma kunesidingo.
(2) Sungula uhlelo oluqinile lokuphatha lokushisela izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela ngesikhathi sokugcina.
(3) Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokumaka lwempahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni ukuze kuzuzwe ukulandelela nokulawula ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokushisela.
(4) Khetha izimboni zokushisela impahla eluhlaza kanye nezimboni ezisebenzisanayo ezinedumela eliphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo omuhle woku-oda nokucubungula, futhi ugweme ngokuyisisekelo ukwenzeka kwezingozi zekhwalithi yokushisela.
Ngamafuphi, ukulawulwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela kufanele kusekelwe ekucacisweni kwe-welding kanye namazinga kazwelonke, ukulandelela okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yayo, kunokuba nje ungene ekwamukelweni kwefekthri, ukungazinaki ukumaka nokuhlolwa ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.
4.Izinto zenqubo ye-Welding
Ikhwalithi yokushisela incike kakhulu endleleni yenqubo, futhi ithatha isikhundla esivelele kakhulu ezintweni ezithinta ikhwalithi yenqubo yokushisela.
Umthelela wenqubo yenqubo kwikhwalithi yokushisela ngokuyinhloko uvela ezicini ezimbili, enye iwukuba nengqondo kokubunjwa kwenqubo;Okunye ukuqina kwenqubo yokubulawa.
Okokuqala, inqubo yokushisela yomkhiqizo noma into ethile kufanele ihlolwe, bese ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe zombiko wokuhlola inqubo kanye nemidwebo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zenqubo yokushisela, ukulungiswa kwemiyalo yenqubo yokushisela noma amakhadi enqubo yokushisela. , ezivezwa ngendlela ebhaliwe yezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zemingcele ziyisisekelo sokuqondisa ukushisela.Isekelwe ekufanisweni kwezimo zokukhiqiza ezifanayo ezenziwe ukuhlolwa kanye nesipiliyoni esiqoqiwe isikhathi eside kanye nezidingo ezithile zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizo futhi zilungiselelwe, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-welding isisekelo esibalulekile, inezici ze-prescriptivity, ukungathí sina. , ukuhlakanipha nokuqhubeka.Ivamise ukulungiselelwa ochwepheshe be-welding abanolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwayo nokuba nengqondo.
Ngalesi sisekelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kokuqaliswa kwendlela yenqubo, akuvunyelwe ukuguqula imingcele yenqubo ngaphandle kwesisekelo esanele, futhi ngisho noma kudingekile ukuguqula, kufanele yenze izinqubo nezinqubo ezithile.
Inqubo yokufaka i-welding engenangqondo ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa i-weld efanelekayo, kodwa ngezinqubo ezilungile neziphusile eziqinisekiswe ukuhlolwa, uma zingaqaliswanga ngokuqinile, okufanayo akukwazi ukushisela i-weld efanelekayo.Okubili kuyaphelelisana futhi kuncike komunye nomunye, futhi akukho sici esingashaywa indiva noma singanakwa.
Kuhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi yokushisela, ukulawulwa okusebenzayo kwezinto ezithinta indlela yenqubo yokushisela yilokhu:
(1) Inqubo yokushisela kufanele ihlolwe ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo efanele noma amazinga kazwelonke.
(2) Khetha ochwepheshe bokushisela abanolwazi ukuze balungiselele imibhalo yenqubo edingekayo, futhi imibhalo yenqubo kufanele iphelele futhi iqhubeke.
(3) Qinisa ukuphathwa kanye nokugadwa endaweni lapho kwenziwa inqubo yokushisela ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo yenqubo yokushisela.
(4) Ngaphambi kokukhiqiza, ipuleti lokuhlola lomkhiqizo wokushisela kanye nepuleti lokuhlola inqubo yokushisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yenqubo yokushisela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulunga nokuhluzeka kwendlela yenqubo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwemithetho yenqubo yokushisela akunasayizi, futhi kufanele kube nohlelo lokulungisa izingozi zekhwalithi zezakhiwo ezibalulekile zokushisela ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa.
5.Isici sezemvelo
Endaweni ethile, ukuncika kwekhwalithi yokushisela endaweni nakho kukhulu.Ukusebenza kwe-welding kuvame ukuqhutshwa emoyeni wangaphandle, okumele kuthonywe izimo zemvelo zangaphandle (ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, umoya nemvula kanye nesimo sezulu seqhwa), futhi uma kwenzeka ezinye izici, kungenzeka dala izinkinga zekhwalithi yokushisela ngenxa nje yezici zemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okuthile kufanele kukhokhwe kukho.Ohlelweni lokuphatha ikhwalithi yokushisela, izinyathelo zokulawula zezici zemvelo zilula uma kuqhathaniswa, lapho izimo zemvelo zingahlangabezani nezidingo zemithethonqubo, njengomoya omkhulu, isivinini somoya esingaphezu kwezine, noma isimo sezulu semvula neqhwa, umswakama ohlobene kakhulu. ngaphezu kwama-90%, angamisa okwesikhashana umsebenzi wokushisela, noma athathe izinyathelo zomoya, imvula neqhwa ngaphambi kokushisela;
Lapho Welding emazingeni okushisa aphansi, low carbon steel ngeke kube ngaphansi kuka -20 ° C, ezejwayelekile ingxubevange steel akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka -10 ° C, ezifana ukweqa lo mkhawulo lokushisa, workpiece kungenziwa preheated kahle.
Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya okungenhla kwezici ezithinta ikhwalithi yezici ezinhlanu zenqubo yokushisela kanye nezinyathelo zayo zokulawula nezimiso, kungabonakala ukuthi izici ezinhlanu zezici zihlobene nomunye nomunye futhi ziwela komunye nomunye, futhi kufanele kube khona. ukucatshangelwa okuhlelekile nokuqhubekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-05-2023