I-weldability yezinto zensimbi ibhekisela ekhonweni lezinto zensimbi zokuthola amalunga amahle kakhulu okushisela kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezithile zokushisela, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokushisela, izinto zokushisela, ukucaciswa kokushisela kanye namafomu esakhiwo sokushisela.Uma insimbi ingathola amajoyinti e-welding amahle kakhulu isebenzisa izinqubo zokushisela ezivamile futhi ezilula, kubhekwa njengokusebenza kahle kwe-welding.I-weldability yezinto zensimbi ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe yaba yizici ezimbili: inqubo ye-weldability kanye ne-weldability yesicelo.
Inqubo yokushisela: isho ikhono lokuthola amajoyinti ashiselwe angcono kakhulu, angenasici ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo yokushisela.Akuyona impahla yemvelo yensimbi, kodwa ihlolwa ngokusekelwe endleleni ethile yokushisela kanye nezinyathelo ezithile zenqubo ezisetshenzisiwe.Ngakho-ke, inqubo weldability of metal materials ihlobene eduze inqubo Welding.
Isevisi yokushisela: isho izinga lapho isihlanganisi esishiselwe noma sonke isakhiwo sihlangabezana nokusebenza kwesevisi okucaciswe izimo zobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo.Ukusebenza kuncike ezimweni zokusebenza zesakhiwo esishiselwe kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezibekwe phambili ekwakhiweni.Ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izakhiwo zemishini, izinga lokushisa eliphansi ukumelana nokuqina, ukumelana nokuphuka kwe-brittle, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elikhuphuka, izakhiwo zokukhathala, amandla ahlala njalo, ukumelana nokugqwala nokumelana nokugqoka, njll. Isibonelo, izinsimbi ezingenasici ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-S30403 ne-S31603 zinokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, kanye ne-16MnDR. kanye nezinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphansi ze-09MnNiDR nazo zinokumelana okuhle kokuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
Izinto ezithinta ukusebenza kokushisela kwezinto zensimbi
1.Izinto ezibonakalayo
Izinto zifaka isisekelo sensimbi nezinto zokushisela.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokushisela, izici eziyinhloko ezinquma ukushisela kwensimbi eyisisekelo yizinto zayo ezibonakalayo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali.
Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo: izici ezifana nephuzu lokuncibilika, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal, i-coefficient yokunwetshwa komugqa, ukuminyana, amandla okushisa nezinye izici zensimbi konke kunomthelela ezinkambisweni ezifana nomjikelezo wokushisa, ukuncibilika, icrystallization, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, njll. , ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukushisela.Izinto ezine-conductivity ephansi ye-thermal njengensimbi engagqwali zinezinga lokushisa elikhulu, ingcindezi eyinsalela ephezulu, kanye nokuguqulwa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokushisela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokuhlala ekushiseni okuphezulu, okusanhlamvu endaweni ethintekile ukushisa kuyakhula, okulimaza ukusebenza okuhlangene.Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic ine-coefficient enkulu yomugqa wokunweba kanye nokuwohloka kwamalunga okunzima nokucindezeleka.
Ngokuphathelene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, isici esinamandla kakhulu yi-carbon, okusho ukuthi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi kunquma ukushisela kwayo.Iningi lezinye izakhi ze-alloying ensimbi azikukhuthazi ukushisela, kodwa umthelela wazo ngokuvamile mncane kakhulu kunalowo wekhabhoni.Njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ensimbi kwanda, ukuthambekela kokuqina kuyanda, ipulasitiki iyancipha, futhi imifantu yokushisela ijwayele ukwenzeka.Ngokuvamile, ukuzwela kwezinto zensimbi ekuqhekekeni ngesikhathi sokushisela kanye nezinguquko zemishini yendawo ehlangene ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa njengezinkomba eziyinhloko zokuhlola ukushisela kwezinto.Ngakho-ke, ukuphakama kwekhabhoni, kubi kakhulu ukushisela.Insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi kanye nensimbi ephansi ye-alloy enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphansi kuka-0.25% kunepulasitiki enhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina komthelela, futhi ukuqina kwepulasitiki kanye nomthelela wamalunga ashiselwe ngemuva kokushisela nakho kuhle kakhulu.Ukushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld akudingeki ngesikhathi se-welding, futhi inqubo ye-welding kulula ukuyilawula, ngakho-ke ine-weldability enhle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sokuncibilika nokuginqika, isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa, isimo senhlangano, njll. kwensimbi konke kuthinta ukushisela ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.Ukushisela kwensimbi kungathuthukiswa ngokucwengisiswa noma ukucwenga okusanhlamvu kanye nezinqubo zokugingqika ezilawulwayo.
Izinto zokushisela zibamba iqhaza ngokuqondile ochungechungeni lwamakhemikhali e-metallurgical ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, okunquma ukwakheka, ukwakheka, izakhiwo kanye nokwakheka kwesici sensimbi yokushisela.Uma izinto zokushisela zingakhethwa ngendlela engafanele futhi zingahambisani nesisekelo sensimbi, ngeke nje kutholakale ilunga elihlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa, kodwa amaphutha afana nokuqhekeka kanye nezinguquko zezakhiwo zesakhiwo nazo zizokwethulwa.Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa okulungile kwezinto zokuthungatha kuyisici esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amalunga aphezulu ahlanganisiwe.
2. Izici zenqubo
Izici zenqubo zihlanganisa izindlela zokushisela, imingcele yenqubo ye-welding, ukulandelana kwe-welding, ukushisa kwangaphambili, ukushisa ngemuva kokushisa kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld, njll Indlela yokufaka i-welding inethonya elikhulu ekushiseni, ikakhulukazi ezicini ezimbili: izici zomthombo wokushisa nezimo zokuvikela.
Izindlela zokushisela ezihlukene zinemithombo yokushisa ehlukene kakhulu ngokwamandla, ukuminyana kwamandla, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokushisa, njll. Izinsimbi ezishiselwe ngaphansi kwemithombo yokushisa ehlukene zizobonisa izakhiwo ezihlukene zokushisela.Isibonelo, amandla we-electroslag welding aphezulu kakhulu, kodwa amandla aphansi kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokushisa alikho phezulu.Ukushisa kuhamba kancane ngesikhathi sokushisela, futhi isikhathi sokuhlala sokushisa okuphezulu side, okuholela ezinhlamvu ezimahhadla endaweni ethinteke ukushisa kanye nokuncipha okuphawulekayo kokuqina komthelela, okumele kube yinto evamile.Ukuze uthuthuke.Ngokuphambene, i-electron beam welding, i-laser welding nezinye izindlela zinamandla aphansi, kodwa amandla aphezulu aphezulu kanye nokushisa okusheshayo.Isikhathi sokuhlala sokushisa okuphezulu sifushane, indawo ethintekile ekushiseni incane kakhulu, futhi ayikho ingozi yokukhula okusanhlamvu.
Ukulungisa imingcele yenqubo yokushisela kanye nokwamukela ezinye izinyathelo zenqubo ezifana nokushisa kwangaphambili, ukushisa kwangemuva, ukushisela okunezingqimba eziningi nokulawula izinga lokushisa le-interlayer kungalungisa futhi kulawule umjikelezo wokushisa wokushisela, ngaleyo ndlela kushintshe ukushisela kwensimbi.Uma izinyathelo ezinjengokushisa ngaphambili ngaphambi kokushisela noma ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushiswa kwe-welding, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthola amalunga ashiselwe ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kokuqhekeka okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza.
3. Izici zesakhiwo
Ikakhulukazi ibhekisela kuhlobo lokuklama lwesakhiwo esishiselwe kanye namajoyinti ashiselwe, njengomthelela wezinto ezifana nokuma kwesakhiwo, ubukhulu, ukujiya, ifomu le-groove elihlangene, ukuhlelwa kwe-weld kanye nokuma kwayo okuphambene nesigaba ekushiseleni.Ithonya layo libonakala ngokuyinhloko ekudluliseni ukushisa kanye nesimo samandla.Ubukhulu bepuleti obuhlukahlukene, amafomu ahlukene ahlangene noma ukwakheka kwegroove kunezikhombisi-ndlela ezihlukene zesivinini sokudlulisa ukushisa namazinga, azothinta isiqondiso sokucwebezela nokukhula kokusanhlamvu kwechibi elincibilikisiwe.Ukushintsha kwesakhiwo, ukujiya kwepuleti kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-weld kunquma ukuqina nokuvimbela kokuhlangana, okuthinta isimo sokucindezeleka sokuhlangana.I-crystal morphology engalungile, ukugxilwa kokucindezeleka okukhulu kanye nokucindezeleka ngokweqile kwe-welding yizimo eziyisisekelo zokwakhiwa kwemifantu yokushisela.Eklanyweni, ukunciphisa ukuqina kwamalunga, ukunciphisa ama-welds awela, nokunciphisa izici ezihlukahlukene ezibangela ukugxila kwengcindezi kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukushisela.
4. Imibandela yokusebenzisa
Ibhekisela ekushiseni okusebenzayo, izimo zokulayisha kanye nendawo yokusebenza phakathi nenkathi yesevisi yesakhiwo esishiselwe.Lezi zindawo zokusebenza nezimo zokusebenza zidinga izakhiwo ezishiselwe ukuthi zibe nokusebenza okuhambisanayo.Isibonelo, izakhiwo ezishiselwe ezisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi kufanele zibe nokumelana nokuqhekeka okuphukayo;izakhiwo ezisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kumele zibe nokumelana nokukhasa;izakhiwo ezisebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo eshintshanayo kufanele zibe nokumelana nokukhathala okuhle;izakhiwo ezisebenza nge-asidi, i-alkali noma imidiya kasawoti Isiqukathi esishiselwe kufanele sibe nokuphikisana nokugqwala okuphezulu nokunye.Ngamafuphi, uma izimo zokusetshenziswa zinzima kakhulu, ziba phezulu izidingo zekhwalithi zamalunga ashiselwe, futhi kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukushisela kwezinto.
Ukuhlonza kanye nenkomba yokuhlola ye-weldability yezinto zensimbi
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, umkhiqizo uthola izinqubo zokushisela ezishisayo, ukusabela kwe-metallurgical, kanye nokucindezeleka kwe-welding kanye nokuguqulwa, okuholela ekushintsheni kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, isakhiwo se-metallographic, usayizi nokuma, okwenza ukusebenza kwejoyinti elishiselwe ngokuvamile kuhluke kulokho isisekelo sezinto, kwesinye isikhathi Ngisho Akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa.Ezinsimbi eziningi ezisebenzayo noma eziphikisayo, izindlela zokushisela ezikhethekile ezifana ne-electron beam welding noma i-laser welding kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuthola amalunga ekhwalithi ephezulu.Izimo ezimbalwa zemishini kanye nobunzima obuncane obudingekayo ukwenza ilunga elihle elishiselwe kusuka kumpahla, kuba ngcono ukushisela kwempahla;ngokuphambene nalokho, uma izindlela zokushisela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezibizayo, izinto zokushisela ezikhethekile kanye nezinyathelo zenqubo ziyadingeka, kusho ukuthi impahla I-weldability impofu.
Lapho ukhiqiza imikhiqizo, ukushisela kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele kuqala kuhlolwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi izinto ezikhethiwe zesakhiwo, izinto zokushisela, nezindlela zokushisela zifanelekile.Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlola ukushisela kwezinto.Indlela ngayinye ingachaza kuphela isici esithile sokushisela.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ngokugcwele ukushisela.Izindlela zokuhlola zingahlukaniswa zibe uhlobo lokulingisa kanye nohlobo lokuhlola.Owokuqala ulingisa izici zokushisisa nokupholisa ze-welding;ukuhlolwa kokugcina ngokwezimo zangempela zokushisela.Okuqukethwe okuhlolwayo ikakhulukazi ukuthola ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukwakheka kwe-metallographic, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kweziphambeko zokushisela zensimbi eyisisekelo nensimbi yokushisela, nokunquma ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwejoyinti elishiselwe.
Izici zokushisela zezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zensimbi
1. Welding of carbon steel
(1) Welding of low carbon steel
Insimbi ye-carbon ephansi inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, i-manganese ephansi kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-silicon.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ngeke kubangele ukuqina kwesakhiwo noma ukucisha isakhiwo ngenxa yokushisela.Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunobupulasitiki obuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina komthelela, futhi ipulasitiki nokuqina kwamalunga alo ashiselwe nakho kuhle ngokwedlulele.Ukushisa kanye nokushisa kwangemuva ngokuvamile akudingeki ngesikhathi se-welding, futhi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zenqubo azidingeki ukuze uthole amalunga ahlanganisiwe anekhwalithi eyanelisayo.Ngakho-ke, insimbi ephansi ye-carbon inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokushisela futhi iyinsimbi esebenza kahle kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinsimbi..
(2) Welding of medium carbon steel
I-Medium carbon steel inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu futhi ukushisela kwayo kubi kunensimbi ye-carbon steel.Lapho i-CE iseduze nomkhawulo ophansi (0.25%), ukushisela kuhle.Njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwanda, ukuthambekela kokuqina kuyanda, futhi isakhiwo se-martensite esiphansi se-plasticity sikhiqizwa kalula endaweni ethinteke ukushisa.Uma i-weldment iqinile noma izinto zokushisela kanye nemingcele yenqubo ikhethiwe ngendlela engafanele, imifantu ebandayo ingase yenzeke.Lapho ushisela ungqimba lokuqala lwe-welding ye-multi-layer, ngenxa yengxenye enkulu yensimbi eyisisekelo ehlanganiswe ku-weld, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, isulfure ne-phosphorus okuqukethwe kuyanda, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza imifantu eshisayo.Ukwengeza, ukuzwela kwesisu nakho kuyanda lapho okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphezulu.
(3) Welding of high carbon steel
Insimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu ene-CE enkulu kuno-0.6% inokuqina okuphezulu futhi ijwayele ukukhiqiza i-carbon martensite eqinile nephukayo.Imifantu ijwayele ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezishiselayo nasezindaweni ezithinteke ukushisa, okwenza ukushisela kube nzima.Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwensimbi ngokuvamile alusetshenziselwa ukwenza izakhiwo ezishiselwe, kodwa lusetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye noma izingxenye ezinobunzima obuphezulu noma ukumelana nokugqoka.Iningi lokushisela kwawo elokukhanda izingxenye ezilimele.Lezi zingxenye kanye nezingxenye kufanele zikhishwe ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwe-welding ukuze kuncishiswe imifantu yokushisela, bese kuphathwa ukushisa futhi ngemva kokushisela.
2. Welding of low ingxubevange high amandla steel
Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi ene-low-alloy high-strength ngokuvamile akudluli ku-0.20%, futhi ingqikithi yezakhi ze-alloying ngokuvamile aweqi ku-5%.Kungenxa yokuthi insimbi ene-alloy ephansi enamandla aphezulu iqukethe inani elithile lezinto ze-alloy ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo kokushisela kuhluke ngandlela thile kulokho kwe-carbon steel.Izici zayo zokushisela zimi kanje:
(1) Imifantu yokushisela emalungeni ashiselwe
I-cold-cracked low-alloy high-strength steel iqukethe i-C, Mn, V, Nb nezinye izakhi eziqinisa insimbi, ngakho-ke kulula ukuqina ngesikhathi sokushisela.Lezi zakhiwo eziqinile zizwela kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, lapho ukuqina kukhulu noma ukucindezeleka kokuvimbela kuphezulu, uma inqubo ye-welding engalungile ingabangela kalula imifantu ebandayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lokuqhekeka lunokubambezeleka okuthile futhi luyingozi kakhulu.
Ukushisa kabusha (SR) ukuqhekeka Ukushisa kabusha imifantu kuwukuqhekeka okuphakathi kwegranular okwenzeka endaweni enohlamvu olumahhadla eduze komugqa wokuhlanganisa phakathi nokwelashwa kokushisa kokucindezeleka kwangemva kokushiswa noma ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi kwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-welding okubangela ukuthi i-V, Nb, Cr, Mo kanye namanye ama-carbides eduze kwe-HAZ ancibilike ku-austenite.Abanaso isikhathi sokukhuphuka ngesikhathi sokupholisa ngemva kokushisela, kodwa bahlakaze futhi bahle ngesikhathi se-PWHT, ngaleyo ndlela baqinise isakhiwo sekristalu.Ngaphakathi, i-deformation ye-creep ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwengcindezi igxile emingceleni yokusanhlamvu.
Amajoyinti ashiselwe insimbi enamandla aphansi ngokuvamile awajwayele ukushisisa kabusha ukuqhekeka, okufana no-16MnR, 15MnVR, njll. Nokho, ochungechungeni lwe-Mn-Mo-Nb kanye ne-Mn-Mo-V yochungechunge lwe-low-alloy high-strength steels, njenge I-07MnCrMoVR, njengoba i-Nb, V, ne-Mo kuyizinto ezinokuzwela okuqinile ukuze kushise kabusha ukuqhekeka, lolu hlobo lwensimbi ludinga ukuphathwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushisela.Ukunakekela kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kugwenywe indawo yokushisa ebucayi yokuqhekeka kokushisa kabusha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwenzeka kwemifantu yokushisisa kabusha.
(2) Ukuqinisa nokuthambisa kwamalunga ashiselwe
Ukuguga kwe-embrittlement Amalungu ashiselwe kudingeka abhekane nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezibandayo (ukugunda okungenalutho, ukugoqa komgqomo, njll.) ngaphambi kokushisela.Insimbi izokhiqiza i-deformation yepulasitiki.Uma indawo iphinde ifudumale ibe ngu-200 kuya ku-450 ° C, ukuguga kuzokwenzeka..Ukuguga kwe-strain kuzonciphisa i-plasticity yensimbi futhi kwandise izinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa kwe-brittle, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwemishini.Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld kungaqeda ukuguga okunjalo kwesakhiwo esishiselwe futhi kubuyisele ukuqina.
I-Embbrittlement of welds kanye nezindawo ezithinteke ekushiseni I-Welding iyinqubo yokushisa nokupholisa engalingani, okuholela ekwakhiweni okungalingani.Izinga lokushisa le-brittle transition le-weld (WM) kanye nendawo ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ) liphakeme kunalelo lensimbi eyisisekelo futhi iyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka esihlanganyelwe.Amandla kalayini wokushisela anomthelela obalulekile ezakhiweni zensimbi ene-alloy ephezulu enamandla i-WM ne-HAZ.Insimbi ene-low-alloy high-strength kulula ukuyiqinisa.Uma amandla kalayini emancane kakhulu, i-martensite izovela ku-HAZ futhi ibangele ukuqhekeka.Uma amandla olayini emakhulu kakhulu, izinhlamvu ze-WM ne-HAZ zizoba mahholo.Izokwenza ukuthi ilunga libe brittle.Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi egoqelwe eshisayo nejwayelekile, insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi ecishiwe futhi ethambile inokuthambekela okubucayi kakhulu kwe-HAZ ebrittlement okubangelwa amandla omugqa amaningi.Ngakho-ke, lapho i-welding, amandla omugqa kufanele akhawulelwe ebangeni elithile.
Ukuthamba kwendawo ethinteke ukushisa yamajoyinti ashiselwe Ngenxa yesenzo sokushisa okushiselayo, ingaphandle lendawo ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ) lensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi ecinywe futhi eqinile ishiselwa ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elishisayo, ikakhulukazi indawo eseduze ne-Ac1, ezokhiqiza indawo yokuthambisa enamandla ancishisiwe.Ukuthamba kwesakhiwo endaweni ye-HAZ kuyanda ngokwanda kwamandla entambo yokushisela kanye nezinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa, kodwa ngokuvamile amandla aqinile endaweni ethambile asephezulu kunomkhawulo ophansi wenani elijwayelekile lesisekelo sensimbi, ngakho-ke indawo ethinteke ukushisa. yalolu hlobo lwensimbi luyathambisa Uma nje umsebenzi ulungile, inkinga ngeke ithinte ukusebenza kokuhlangana.
3. Welding of insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine ngokuya ngezakhiwo zayo zensimbi ezihlukene, okuyi-austenitic stainless steel, i-ferritic stainless steel, i-martensitic stainless steel, ne-austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel.Okulandelayo kuhlaziya ikakhulukazi izici zokushisela ze-austenitic stainless steel kanye ne-bidirectional stainless steel.
(1) Welding of austenitic insimbi engagqwali
Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Austenitic kulula ukushisela kunezinye izinsimbi ezingenasici.Ngeke kube khona ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa futhi ayizweli ku-hydrogen embrittlement.I-austenitic stainless steel joint nayo inepulasitiki enhle nokuqina esimweni esishiselwe.Izinkinga eziyinhloko ze-welding yilezi: ukuqhekeka okushisayo kwe-welding, i-embrittlement, ukugqwala kwe-intergranular kanye nokugqwala kokucindezeleka, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kokushisa okushisayo kanye ne-coefficient enkulu yokwandisa, ukucindezeleka kwe-welding kanye nokuguqulwa kukhulu.Uma u-welding, okokufaka ukushisa kwe-welding kufanele kube kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi akufanele kube khona ukushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa le-interlayer kufanele lincishiswe.Ukushisa kwe-interlayer kufanele kulawulwe ngaphansi kuka-60 ° C, futhi amalunga okushisela kufanele anyakaze.Ukuze kuncishiswe ukufakwa kokushisa, isivinini sokushisela akufanele sikhuliswe ngokweqile, kodwa umshini wokushisela kufanele uncishiswe ngokufanelekile.
(2) Ukushiselwa kwe-austenitic-ferritic yezindlela ezimbili zensimbi engagqwali
I-Austenitic-ferritic duplex steel stainless steel iyi-duplex yensimbi engagqwali eyakhiwe izigaba ezimbili: i-austenite ne-ferrite.Ihlanganisa izinzuzo zensimbi ye-austenitic nensimbi ye-ferritic, ngakho inezici zamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye nokushisela okulula.Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex: i-Cr18, i-Cr21, ne-Cr25.Izici eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwe-welding yensimbi yilezi: ukuthambekela okuphansi kokushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic;ukuthambekela okuphansi kwe-embrittlement ngemuva kokushisela uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ehlanzekile ye-ferritic, kanye nezinga le-ferrite coarsening endaweni ethintekile yokushisa Ibuye iphansi, ngakho-ke ukushisela kungcono.
Njengoba lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunezakhiwo ezinhle zokushisela, ukushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa nokushisa akudingeki ngesikhathi sokushisela.Amapuleti azacile kufanele ashiselwe nge-TIG, futhi amapuleti aphakathi nendawo nawugqinsi angashiselwa nge-arc welding.Uma welding nge-arc welding, izinduku zokushisela ezikhethekile ezinokwakheka okufanayo nesisekelo sensimbi noma izinduku zokushisela ze-austenitic ezinokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi kufanele zisetshenziswe.Ama-electrode asekelwe ku-nickel alloy nawo angasetshenziselwa uhlobo lwensimbi ye-Cr25 enezigaba ezimbili.
Izinsimbi zesigaba esikabili zinengxenye enkulu ye-ferrite, kanye nokuthambekela okungokwemvelo kwe-embrittlement yezinsimbi ze-ferritic, njengokuqhwala ku-475°C, i-embrittlement yesigaba esingu-σ kanye nezinhlamvu ezimahhadla, kusekhona, kuphela ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-austenite.Impumuzo ethile ingatholakala ngomphumela wokulinganisa, kodwa usadinga ukunaka lapho ushisela.Lapho ushisela insimbi engagqwali ye-Ni-free noma i-low-Ni duplex, kukhona ukuthambekela kwe-ferrite yesigaba esisodwa kanye nokugwaza okusanhlamvu endaweni ethinteke ukushisa.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekulawuleni okokufaka ukushisa kwe-welding, bese uzama ukusebenzisa i-current encane, isivinini esiphezulu se-welding, kanye ne-welding yesiteshi esincane.Futhi i-multi-pass welding ukuvimbela ukugqwala kokusanhlamvu kanye ne-ferriteization yesigaba esisodwa endaweni ethinteke ukushisa.Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kwezingqimba akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu.Kungcono ukushisela iphasi elandelayo ngemva kokupholisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-11-2023