1. Yehlisa ukugxiliswa kwengcindezi Iphoyinti lokugxilisa ukucindezeleka lomthombo wokukhathala oqhekekile endaweni ehlanganisiwe nesakhiwo, futhi zonke izindlela zokuqeda noma zokunciphisa ukugxila kwengcindezi zingathuthukisa amandla okukhathala kwesakhiwo.
(1) Yamukela ifomu lesakhiwo elinengqondo
① Amalunga ezinqe ayakhethwa, futhi amalunga ethanga awasetshenziswa kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka;Amalunga e-T-shaped noma amalunga ekhoneni aguqulwa abe yizinqenqema ezakhiweni ezibalulekile, ukuze ama-welds agweme amakhona;lapho kusetshenziswa amalunga amise okwe-T noma amalunga ekhoneni, kuthenjwa ukuthi kuzosetshenziswa ama-butt welds agcwele ukungena.
② Zama ukugwema ukuklanywa kokulayisha kwe-eccentric, ukuze amandla angaphakathi elungu adluliselwe kahle futhi asatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokubangela ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe.
③Ukuze unciphise ukushintshwa okungazelelwe kwesigaba, lapho ukujiya kwepuleti noma ububanzi buhluka kakhulu futhi kudingeka kudokhiwe, indawo yoshintsho ethambile kufanele yakhelwe;ikhoneni elicijile noma ikhoneni lesakhiwo kufanele lenziwe libe yisimo se-arc, futhi i-radius enkulu ye-curvature, ingcono.
④Gwema ukushisela okunezinhlangothi ezintathu eziphambana emkhathini, zama ukungabeki okokushisela ezindaweni zokugxilisa ukucindezeleka, futhi uzame ukungabeki okokushisela okuphambanayo kumalungu abamba iqhaza elikhulu;lapho kungenakugwenywa, ikhwalithi yangaphakathi nengaphandle ye-weld kufanele iqinisekiswe, futhi uzwane lwe-weld kufanele luncishiswe.ukugxila kokucindezeleka.
⑤Kumashisela ezinqeni angashiselwa ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, akuvunyelwe ukubeka amapuleti asekela ngemuva ezakhiweni ezibalulekile;gwema ukusebenzisa ama-welds ngezikhathi ezithile, ngoba kukhona ukugxila okuphezulu kwengcindezi ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwe-weld ngayinye.
(2).Umumo we-weld olungile kanye nekhwalithi enhle ye-weld yangaphakathi nangaphandle
① Ubude obusele bokushisela okuhlanganyelwe kwezinqe kufanele bube buncane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi kuhle ukundiza (noma ukugaya) kube phansi ngemva kokushisela ngaphandle kokushiya noma yikuphi ukuphakama okuyinsalela;
② Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa amashisela e-fillet anezindawo ezigoqiwe kumajoyinti amise okwe-T, ngaphandle kokushisela kwe-fillet nge-convexity;
③ Uzwane lapho kuhlangana khona i-weld nendawo yensimbi eyisisekelo kufanele idluliswe kahle, futhi uzwane kufanele lube phansi noma luncibilikiswe i-argon arc uma kunesidingo ukuze kuncishiswe ukugxilwa kwengcindezi lapho.
Zonke izinkinga zokushisela zinamadigri ahlukene okugxilwa kwengcindezi, ikakhulukazi amaphutha e-flake welding, njengokuqhekeka, ukungangeni, ukungahlanganisi kanye nokuluma emaphethelweni, njll., kunomthelela omkhulu emandleni okukhathala.Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-weld ngayinye ilula ukushisela, ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha e-welding, futhi amaphutha adlula izinga kufanele asuswe.
2.Lungisa ingcindezi esele
Ukucindezeleka kokucindezela okusele ebusweni belungu noma ukugxila kokucindezeleka kungathuthukisa amandla okukhathala kwesakhiwo esishiselwe.Isibonelo, ngokulungisa ukulandelana kwe-welding kanye nokushisa kwendawo, kungenzeka ukuthola inkambu yokucindezeleka okusalayo okulungele ukuthuthukisa amandla okukhathala.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisa ukwakheka kwendawo, njengokugingqika, ukugoqa noma ukuchama, kungabuye kwamukelwe ukwenza i-plastic surface deformation futhi ibe lukhuni, futhi kukhiqize ukucindezeleka okusalayo okucindezelayo kungqimba olungaphezulu ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuthuthukisa amandla okukhathala.
Ingcindezi eyinsalela ecindezelayo phezulu kwenotshi ingatholwa ngokusebenzisa ukwelula kokulayishwa kwangaphambili kwesikhathi esisodwa kwelungu elinophawu.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isibonakaliso se-notch residual ingcindezi ngemva kokulayishwa okunwebekayo kuhlale kuphambene nesibonakaliso sokucindezeleka kwe-notch ngesikhathi sokulayisha (i-elastoplastic).Le ndlela ayifanele ukugoba ukugcwala ngokweqile noma ukulayisha okuqinile okuningi.Ivamise ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwesakhiwo, okufana nemikhumbi yokucindezela yokuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic, ingadlala indima yokuqina yangaphambi kokulayisha ngokweqile.
3.Thuthukisa ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zezinto
Okokuqala, ukuthuthukisa amandla okukhathala kwesisekelo sensimbi nensimbi yokushisela kufanele futhi kubhekwe kusukela kukhwalithi yangaphakathi yezinto.Ikhwalithi ye-metallurgical yezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele ithuthukiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ukufakwa kuyo.Izingxenye ezibalulekile zingenziwa ngezinto ezivela ezinqubweni zokuncibilikisa ezifana ne-vacuum melting, i-vacuum degassing, ngisho ne-electroslag remelting ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa;Impilo yokukhathala yensimbi yokusanhlamvu ingathuthukiswa ngokucwengisiswa ezingeni lokushisa legumbi.I-microstructure engcono kakhulu ingatholakala ngokwelashwa okushisa, futhi ipulasitiki nokuqina kungathuthukiswa ngenkathi amandla enyuka.I-martensite eshisayo, i-carbon martensite ephansi kanye ne-bainite ephansi inokumelana nokukhathala okuphezulu.Okwesibili, amandla, ipulasitiki kanye nokuqina kufanele kuhambisane ngokufanele.Amandla amandla ento ekwazi ukumelana nokuphuka, kodwa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziyazwela kumanotshi.Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-plasticity yukuthi ngokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, umsebenzi wokuguqulwa ungamuncwa, ukuphakama kokucindezeleka kungancishiswa, ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kungasakazwa kabusha, futhi i-notch ne-crack tip ingadluliswa, futhi ukunwetshwa kokuqhekeka kungancishiswa noma kumiswe.Ipulasitiki ingaqinisekisa ukuthi amandla okudlala okugcwele.Ngakho-ke, ngensimbi ephezulu yamandla kanye ne-ultra-high-strength steel, ukuzama ukuthuthukisa i-plasticity encane kanye nokuqina kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana kwayo nokukhathala.
4.Izinyathelo zokuvikela ezikhethekile
Ukuguguleka kwe-atmospheric medium ngokuvamile kunomthelela emandleni okukhathala kwezinto, ngakho-ke kunenzuzo ukusebenzisa i-coating ethile yokuzivikela.Isibonelo, ukumboza ungqimba lwepulasitiki oluqukethe izigcwalisi ekugxilweni kwengcindezi kuyindlela yokuthuthukisa esebenzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-27-2023